基于误差估值累加开环校正的诱导式欺骗检测方法

诱导式卫星欺骗干扰可诱导航空器逐渐偏离预定航迹，难以被发现，因此及时有效地检测干扰是飞行安全的保障。在现有紧组合导航体制基础上，设计了一种基于误差估值累加开环校正的紧组合导航结构，并证明了其性能与传统闭环校正紧组合导航性能等效。在此结构中，将紧组合导航系统与自适应序贯概率比检测方法结合，提出了一种基于误差估值累加开环校正的诱导式欺骗检测方法，融合紧组合导航信息与其他不受欺骗影响的导航信息，构建欺骗检测统计量进行诱导式欺骗检测。仿真结果表明，开环校正结构可避免随时间累加的惯性导航系统误差所导致的组合导航滤波器发散问题，同时欺骗检测方法可进一步提高算法对“最坏”情形下微小诱导式欺骗的检测效果。     

On Two‐Stage Estimation of the Spectral Density with Assigned Risk in Presence of Missing Data

Estimation with assigned risk is a classical statistical problem, and the theory is well developed for the case of directly observed (no missing) data. In this article a more complicated problem of estimation of the spectral density in presence of missing data is considered. First, the corresponding theory of sequential estimation with minimal expected stopping time is developed. Then it is shown that a two‐stage estimator may be used and it yields the minimal stopping time. Sample size of the first stage may be deterministic and in order smaller than a minimal stopping time, and then the first stage defines the size of the second stage. Furthermore, the estimator adapts to unknown smoothness of an underlying spectral density and to an underlying missing mechanism.     

Bayesian Inference for ARFIMA Models

This article develops practical methods for Bayesian inference in the autoregressive fractionally integrated moving average (ARFIMA) model using the exact likelihood function, any proper prior distribution, and time series that may have thousands of observations. These methods utilize sequentially adaptive Bayesian learning, a sequential Monte Carlo algorithm that can exploit massively parallel desktop computing with graphics processing units (GPUs). The article identifies and solves several problems in the computation of the likelihood function that apparently have not been addressed in the literature. Four applications illustrate the utility of the approach. The most ambitious is an ARFIMA(2,d,2) model for the Campito tree ring time series (length 5405), for which the methods developed in the article provide an essentially uncorrelated sample of size 16,384 from the exact posterior distribution in under four hours. Less ambitious applications take as little as 4 minutes without exploiting GPUs.     

利用菊池衍射花样鉴定晶体结构的方法研究

电子背散射衍射(Electron Backscatter Diffraction, EBSD)是研究材料显微结构的重要手段之一, 通过EBSD获取的菊池衍射花样是材料内部微观晶体结构的直观反映。本研究通过识别菊池花样中的对称轴, 结合晶体对称定律, 提出了一种利用菊池花样进行晶体对称性分析和晶体结构鉴定的方法。通过该方法成功对三个未知样品的对称性和晶体结构进行了判断。其中一个样品确定到所属晶系, 另两个样品锁定到部分点群, 通过确定晶系和点群排除了部分不符合对称性的相鉴定结果。研究结果表明, 利用菊池花样进行对称性分析是判断晶体结构的有效方法。同现有方法相比, 菊池衍射花样法大大缩小了相鉴定的检索范围, 显著提高了相鉴定的准确性和可靠性, 是一种有望用于新一代EBSD设备的标定技术。     

Vibration analysis and identification of breathing cracks in beams subjected to single or multiple moving mass using online sequential extreme learning machine

In this paper, a novel approach was presented to vibration analysis and identification of breathing cracks in Timoshenko beam under single or multiple moving mass. Dynamic strain energies (DSEs) and translational accelerations in beam structures under moving mass were used as forward problem and application of an emergent learning algorithm called the online sequential extreme learning machine algorithm as inverse problem to predict crack depths and locations. To demonstrate the potential of the proposed vibration analysis over existing ones, two validation studies have been done. To evaluate the proposed method to identify breathing cracks, two examples, namely, clamped–clamped beam and two span continuous beams have been studied. Also, the effect of the discrepancy in stiffness between the finite-element model and the actual tested dynamic system has been investigated. Another examination has been performed in which moving mass with different speeds are utilized. Also, the effect of multi mass passing through the beam has been studied. The obtained results indicated that the proposed method could identify the breathing cracks existence and severity in the beam under moving mass using DSE and accelerations, which may be noisy or noise free.     

ATSP:时态网络可视化的自适应时间片划分方法

现有的时态网络可视化方法大多采用等量时间片来可视化网络的演变，不利于时态模式的快速挖掘和发现。为此，根据时态网络固有的特征提出自适应时间片划分方法（Adaptive Time Slice Partition method，ATSP）。在时态网络的两种表示方式（基于事件的表示方式和基于快照的表示方式）的基础上，构建了ATSP的基础模型，同时提出了一种改进模型用来描述事件间隔时间服从长尾分布的时态网络。为了实现时间片的不等量划分，针对探索任务的不同提出了基于时态模式的ATSP规则和基于中心节点的ATSP规则，并提出了实现算法--层次划分算法（Hierarchical Partition algorithm，HP）和增量划分算法（Incremental Partition algorithm，IP）。实验结果表明，ATSP方法比传统的时间片划分方法更能准确地表示网络的时态特征，且该方法应用于可视化时，能有效归纳并展示网络的特征，明显提高了视觉分析的效率。     

A Novel Strategy for Preparing Stretchable and Reliable Biphasic Liquid Metal

Low‐melting liquid metal is a hugely promising material for flexible conductive patterns due to its excellent conductivity and supercompliance, especially low‐cost and environmental liquid processing technology. However, the ever‐present fluidity characteristic greatly limits the stable shape and reliability of prepared liquid metal conductive electronics. Herein, a novel solidification strategy of liquid GaIn alloys by Ni doping and heat treatment is first reported, which can efficiently create a solid phase in the liquid metal and provide an effective solution for practical applications. Particularly, the liquid characteristic is preserved for conveniently fabricating different flexible electronic circuits, and then the solidification is carried out on prepared conductive patterns by heat treatment. The solidification mechanism is revealed by the interface chemical reaction between Ni and GaIn, creating the solid phase of intermetallic compound (Ga₄Ni₃ and InNi₃) during heat treatment. Moreover, a biphasic GaInNi can be obtained by regulating the atomic ratio of gallium, indium, and nickel. As a result, the obtained GaInNi possesses extremely low sheet resistance (15 ± 4.5 to 135 ± 2.5 mΩ sq^?1) and the variation of ΔR/R₀ exhibits low level (0–2) when strained up to 100%, which offers a promising strategy to prepare stretchable and reliable liquid metal electronics.     

渤海湾盆地A油田沙一、沙二段混合沉积模式

从岩石学特征入手,结合古地貌及沉积动力学分析,对渤海湾盆地A油田沙一、沙二段混合沉积模式进行分析,结果表明,A油田沙一、沙二段主要发育扇三角洲沉积,同时发育鲕粒滩、生物碎屑滩、碎屑滩和混积滩,同时期存在的多种沉积相类型是形成混合沉积的环境条件。根据岩性组合特点及空间分布规律,对研究区混合沉积类型细分为四类:相突变混合沉积、相过渡带混合沉积、以碎屑岩相为主的混合沉积和以碳酸盐岩相混合沉积四种类型,其中以碎屑岩相为主的混合沉积和以碳酸盐岩相为主的混合沉积是研究区主要的混合沉积类型。     

巴马长寿饮食模式在衰老小鼠模型中的抗氧化应激效果

为了验证巴马长寿饮食模式的抗衰老作用,通过给小鼠皮下注射D-半乳糖(500 mg/(kg·d))制备衰老模型,根据本团队前期研究结果,选取巴马长寿老人饮食中具有代表性的营养特征(能量限制及VA、大豆异黄酮、膳食纤维、微量元素铁、锰、钴、硒的摄入),分别设计了能限组、胡豆组、纤维组、元素组和复合组饮食,并以自由采食的方式饲喂小鼠,连续8周。对小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)水平、血清和脑组织中总超氧化物歧化酶(total superoxide dismutase,T-SOD)活力、肝脏和脑组织中总抗氧化能力(total antioxidant capacity,T-AOC)进行测定。结果表明:与衰老组小鼠相比,5种特征饮食都能抑制小鼠体内MDA的蓄积,提高抗氧化酶活力和T-AOC;通过正向化和无量纲化处理,发现复合组饮食抗氧化应激效果最强,能显著抑制衰老小鼠血清、肝脏和脑组织中MDA蓄积(P0.05),使血清中T-SOD活力增强12.33%(P0.05),并使肝脏中T-AOC显著提高35.35%(P0.05)。5种模式综合量化评价的顺序为:复合组胡豆组能限组纤维组元素组。说明巴马长寿饮食模式对D-半乳糖致衰老小鼠有明显的抗氧化应激作用,这也预示着其具有较显著的抗衰老作用效果和良好的开发潜力。