电动车燃料电池控制系统

如何改善燃料电池的输出性能是燃料电池电动车的一个重要问题. 首先燃料电池是一个多变量复杂系统.燃料电池的工作和环境温度、流量及湿度对燃料电池实际功率输出有重大影响. 然后提出一种自适应模糊复合控制算法。考虑到燃料电池的多动态特性, 加入自整因子层对量化因子和比例因子进行在线修改, 从而改善了控制器的静态和动态特性. 有实验结果证明所提出算法的有效性. 最后, 详细设计燃料电池电动车的能量控制系统.     

基于PID算法的燃料电池实验室组态王监控系统

本文介绍了用工控组态软件“组态王”通过板卡实现对燃料电池堆实时监控的方法,详细介绍了控制系统软件、硬件的选取、配置以及数据库的设计,并且通过PID算法来调整各种输入参数,以达到最优控制的效果。实践证明,该控制系统简单、可靠、安全稳定,适合现场实际应用。     

The impact of hydrogen refueling station subsidy strategy on China's hydrogen fuel cell vehicle market diffusion

Lack of hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs) has hindered the diffusion of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) in the Chinese transport market. By combining the agent-based model (ABM) and the experience weighted attraction (EWA) learning algorithm, this paper explores the impact of government subsidy strategy for HRSs on the market diffusion of HFCVs. The actions of the parties (government, HRS planning department and consumers) and their interactions are taken into account. The new model suggests dynamic subsidy mode based on EWA algorithm yields better results than static subsidy mode: HFCV purchases, HRS construction effort, total number of HRSs and expected HRS planning department profits all outperform static data by around 27%. In addition, choosing an appropriate initial subsidy strategy can increase the sales of HFCVs by nearly 40%. Early investment from government to establish initial HRSs can also increase market diffusion efficiency by more than 76.7%.     

Towards a ‘proton flow battery’: Investigation of a reversible PEM fuel cell with integrated metal-hydride hydrogen storage

An innovative concept for integrating a metal hydride storage electrode into a reversible proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell is described and investigated experimentally. This new concept has the potential to increase roundtrip efficiency compared to the conventional hydrogen-based electrical energy storage system by eliminating the intermediate steps of hydrogen gas production, storage, and recovery. As only an inflow of water is needed in the charge mode, and air in discharge mode, the system is called a ‘proton flow battery’. A hydrogen storage electrode was fabricated from a novel composite metal hydride–nafion material, and found to have acceptably high proton and electron conductivities. Its hydrogen storage capacity was measured to be 0.6 wt% of hydrogen, although the amount of hydrogen recovered to run the device in fuel cell mode was much lower. These results provide initial confirmatory evidence that the proton flow battery concept is technically feasible, though additional research is still required to enhance both storage capacity and reversibility.     

花状纳米金属及金属化合物的合成及其电磁性能研究

三维花状结构的纳米金属及金属化合物材料作为纳米材料的一个重要组成部分,由于其特殊的形貌和复杂的结构而具备许多块状或者低维纳米材料不具备的性质,在光、电、磁、催化和传感方面显示出巨大的应用前景.综述了近年来有关花状结构纳米金属及金属化合物的合成、性能及其应用,分别介绍了花状纳米金属及金属化合物的主要合成方法,阐述了各种花状纳米金属及金属化合物的电磁性质及其在相关领域的应用.     

2550型微量氧分析仪取样系统改造

对2550型燃料电池式微量氧分析仪的采样系统进行改造，使之达到一机多用，既可以实现在线分析，又可以随时切换到瓶装气体化验分析，并保证空气中高浓度氧气被隔离而不进入燃料电池，延长燃料电池的使用寿命。分析了原2550型微量氧分析仪采样系统设计缺陷，阐述改造方案和设计原理及使用注意事项。     

Understanding attitudes of hydrogen fuel-cell vehicle adopters in Japan

As of January 2021, Japan had the world's largest hydrogen station network with merely 4600 hydrogen fuel-cell vehicles (HFCVs) on roads, as compared to the 9000 HFCVs in the US, with only one-third of the hydrogen refueling stations in Japan. To understand behavioral differences among Japanese adopters, we administered a survey, in cooperation with public and private sector stakeholders, involving 89 private HFCV adopters in the Aichi Prefectural region, which hosts the largest number of HFCVs and refueling stations in Japan. Results suggest that HFCV adopters have a higher socioeconomic status than non-adopters, are mostly male in their 50s and above, and have a higher interest in new vehicle fuel technology. HFCV adopters who leased and bought vehicles were similar in terms of socioeconomic status, with differences in attitudes toward governmental incentives. The lack of refueling stations and station business hours restrict HFCV adopters from continuing with this fuel technology.     

基于遗传算法对燃料电池客车能量分配优化研究

以燃料电池为主要动力系统的汽车将是未来汽车发展的主要途径。以能量混合型为主体的串连式混合动力系统将燃料电池,直流逆变器,蓄电池和电机并联于母线上,能量将在这些部件中实现分配。为实现能量合理分配,本文首先以最小化燃料电池氢气消耗量和蓄电池SOC与目标SOC相差最小为目标函数,然后使用遗传算法对能量分配进行了优化并制成MAP图,最后对AD-VISOR汽车动力构型软件进行二次开发,使用优化MAP图对其进行了仿真,验证这种优化策略在应用上的可行性。     

Mathematical model for a direct propane phosphoric acid fuel cell

A mathematical model was developed and used to predict the performance of direct propane phosphoric acid (PPAFC) fuel cells, utilizing both Pt/C state-of the-art electrodes and older Pt black electrodes. It was found that the overpotential caused by surface processes on the platinum catalyst in the anode is much greater than the potential losses caused by either ohmic resistance or propane diffusion in gas-filled and liquid-filled pores. In one comparison, the anode overpotential (0.5 V) was larger than the cathode overpotential (0.3 V) at a current density of 0.4 A cm⁻² for Pt loadings 4 mg Pt cm⁻². The need for sufficient water concentration at the anode, where water is a reactant, was indicated by the large effect of H₃PO₄ concentration. In another comparison, the model predicted that at 0.2 A cm⁻², modern carbon supported Pt catalysts would produce 0.35 V compared to 0.1 V for unsupported Pt black catalysts that were used several decades ago, when the majority of the research on direct hydrocarbon fuel cells was performed. The propane anode and oxygen cathode catalyst layers were modeled as agglomerates of spherical catalyst particles having their interior spaces filled with liquid electrolyte and being surrounded by gas-filled pores. The Tafel equation was used to describe the electrochemical reactions. The model incorporated gas and liquid-phase diffusion equations for the reactants in the anode and cathode and ionic transport in the electrolyte. Experimental data were used for propane and oxygen diffusivities, and for their solubilities in the electrolyte. The accuracy of the predicted electrical potentials and polarization curves were normally within ±0.02 V of values reported in experimental investigations of temperature and electrolyte concentration. Polarization curves were predicted as a function of temperature, pressure, electrolyte concentration, and Pt loading. A performance of 0.45 V at 0.5 A cm⁻² was predicted at some conditions.     

Development of a modular single-phase grid-tie inverter system for fuel-cell power generation

To enhance the conversion efficiency and electrical reliability of the low-voltage fuel-cell (FC) power generation system, this paper proposes a modular single-phase grid-tie inverter system equipped with a power management and remote monitoring interface. In this system, each single power module is composed of three single-stage quasi-resonant (QR) flyback current-source inverters that are connected in parallel, and all the power modules are connected in parallel to achieve flexible power scaling and load sharing. The proposed grid-tie inverter system possesses a power management unit (PMU) and can be integrated with a home energy management system (HEMS). An experiment was conducted to verify the feasibility of the proposed concept, in which five power modules were assembled to form a 1-kW high-efficiency grid-tie inverter system, which was modulated through the PMU. The results showed satisfactory load-sharing characteristics between the parallel-connected power modules. The peak efficiency for each power module and the overall power generation system are about 94.5 and 90%, respectively. The proposed system exhibits flexible power scaling, load sharing, and high reliability.