An efficient approach for the S‐shaped penalty function

Interval goal programming (IGP) with a marginal penalty function (PF) was first proposed by Charnes and Collomb in 1972, and further improved by Kvanli and other researchers. Recently, Lu and Chen proposed an efficient logarithmic method to formulate IGP with an S‐shaped PF. However, their method requires adding many binary variables when the problem size becomes large, which increases the computational burden in the solution process. This study proposes an efficient approach for the S‐shaped PF. The arbitrary PF frequently appears in the fields of business and industry. However, none of the previous approaches have addressed arbitrary PFs without adding binary variables. The proposed approach can be easily extended to formulate an arbitrary PF in which binary variables are no longer required, regardless of the number of break points. The proposed method can improve the efficiency of IGP for solving large size management and decision problems in considering PFs. In order to demonstrate the correctness, usefulness of the proposed model, illustrative examples are provided.     

Framework to manage multiple goals in community-based energy sharing network in smart grid

Smart grid has opened up a new role of “prosumer” in an energy value network, transforming many conventional energy consumers into prosumers, who not only generate green energy but also share the surplus with utilities and other consumers. The concept of a goal-oriented prosumer community group (PCG) has emerged recently as an effective way to fulfill sustainable energy exchange. Such community-based energy sharing networks comprise multiple irreconcilable objectives such as demand constraints, cost constraints, and income maximization. In many cases, one goal may be achievable only at the expense of other goals. This necessitates the development of an effective framework to manage the multiple goals and reduce the gap with their achievement levels. Therefore, in this research paper, an effective framework is developed to negotiate among the multiple goals and thus to define optimal mutual goals for each PCG in a more sustainable manner using multiple-criteria goal programming techniques. Simulation results are presented to illustrate how the methods work in practical situations, where each of the objective measure is given a target value and the unwanted deviations from this set are minimized in an achievement function.     

An integrated approach for sustainable supply chain planning

This paper proposes an integrated approach for transposing sustainable development principles to supply chain planning models. Inspired by research on performance measurement, we designed a method that links sustainability performance to supply chain decisions, and allows setting coherent performance measures. By transposing this method to a multi-objective mathematical programming, the supply chain planning is optimized while the economic, environmental and social performances are all coherently integrated into the model. To illustrate our approach, we applied it to a Canadian lumber industry case. We solved the mathematical model by using the weighted goal programming technique, which results in a set of “compromise” solutions allowing the decision maker to choose the alternative that reflects the balance he/she wishes to make regarding the three dimensions of sustainability.     

Breeding goal traits accounting for feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake separately

Current breeding tools aiming to improve feed efficiency use definitions based on total dry matter intake (DMI); for example, residual feed intake or feed saved. This research aimed to define alternative traits using existing data that differentiate between feed intake capacity and roughage or concentrate intake, and to investigate the phenotypic and genetic relationships among these traits. The data set contained 39,017 weekly milk yield, live weight, and DMI records of 3,164 cows. The 4 defined traits were as follows: (1) Feed intake capacity (FIC), defined as the difference between how much a cow ate and how much she was expected to eat based on diet satiety value and status of the cow (parity and lactation stage); (2) feed saved (FS), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted DMI, based on the regression of DMI on milk components within experiment; (3) residual roughage intake (RRI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted roughage intake, based on the regression of roughage intake on milk components and concentrate intake within experiment; and (4) residual concentrate intake (RCI), defined as the difference between the measured and the predicted concentrate intake, based on the regression of concentrate intake on milk components and roughage intake within experiment. The phenotypic correlations were ?0.72 between FIC and FS, ?0.84 between FS and RRI, and ?0.53 between FS and RCI. Heritability of FIC, FS, RRI, and RCI were estimated to be 0.21, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.03, respectively. The genetic correlations were ?0.81 between FS and FIC, ?0.96 between FS and RRI, and ?0.25 between FS and RCI. Concentrate intake and RCI had low heritability. Genetic correlation between DMI and FIC was 0.98. Although the defined traits had moderate phenotypic correlations, the genetic correlations between DMI, FS, FIC, and RRI were above 0.79 (in absolute terms), suggesting that these traits are genetically similar. Therefore, selecting for FIC is expected to simply increase DMI and RRI, and there seems to be little advantage in separating concentrate and roughage intake in the genetic evaluation, because measured concentrate intake was determined by the feeding system in our data and not by the genetics of the cow.     

新三矿隐蔽致灾因素研究

为了进一步提高新三矿矿井的防灾能力,做到隐蔽致灾因素清晰明确,防治措施有效,通过对新三矿采空区、废弃采空区（井筒）、封闭不良钻孔,断层、裂隙、褶曲,陷落柱,瓦斯富集区,导水裂隙带,地下含水体,井下火区等不良地质体的分析研究,基本查明了新三矿的隐蔽至灾因素有采空区老空水、封闭不良钻孔、瓦斯、断层。通过相应的措施,为新三矿以后健康安全的发展指明了方向。     

应用型人才培养下化学实验教学改革

为进一步贯彻国家教育改革和发展纲要的要求,培养应用型人才,本文依据化学学科是一门以实验为基础的学科特点,结合化学实验教学,对其体系进行整合,探索新时期应用型人才培养下化学实验教学的课改方向,在传统化学实验教学的基础之上,培养学生的创新能力、实践能力和应用能力,以达到培养现代社会所需要的复合应用型人才的需求。     

开发商拟建项目建设费用估算谈

房地产开发商做拟建项目建设费用的估算,主要目的之一是为项目的实施筹措资金。估算费用的首要功能就是控制项目建设成本开支。本文结合实际,从估算费用的资料收集、费用计算以及报审批准几个方面做了论证,以期达到一方面为项目的顺利实施、估算金额留有余地;另一方面,估算费用额计算有根有据,不高估冒算的目的。     

高利润率环境下的房地产投资目标失衡分析

随着我国房地产市场的不断发展,房地产企业的数量和规模也都在急剧扩大,房地产企业的投资目标也日趋多元化,对其投资目标的正确认识也显得尤为重要。文中主要针对当前高额利润诱惑下的房地产企业的投资目标的缺失现象进行分析,探讨了这种缺失将产生的严重后果,给出了房地产企业应如何正确认识投资目标的次序,以求能对房地产企业制定可持续发展战略有所裨益。     

Multi-criteria model for sustainable development using goal programming applied to the United Arab Emirates

Sustainable development requires implementing suitable policies integrating several competing objectives on economic, environmental, energy and social criteria. Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using goal programming is a popular and widely used technique to study decision problems in the face of multiple conflicting objectives. MCDA assists policy makers by providing clarity in choosing between alternatives for strategic planning and investments. In this paper, we propose a weighted goal programming model that integrates efficient allocation of resources to simultaneously achieve sustainability related goals on GDP growth, electricity consumption and GHG emissions. We validate the model with application to key economic sectors of the United Arab Emirates to achieve sustainable development goals by the year 2030. The model solution provides a quantitative justification and a basis for comparison in planning future energy requirements and an indispensable requirement to include renewable sources to satisfy long-term energy requirements.     

系统工程在优化矿山生产管理中的应用

根据某海下石棉矿采矿生产现状,分析目前矿山在地质、回采、运输及管理方面存在的问题,应用系统工程原理建立模型,制定方案并进行综合评价,利用统一规划法建立数量目标树和管理目标树,实现了生产管理的系统化,合理统筹人力、物力,极大的提高了管理水平,各项技术经济指标取得显著的效果.