Experimental research on combined effect of obstacle and local spraying water fog on hydrogen/air premixed explosion

In order to reveal the mechanism of water fog explosion suppression and research the combined effect of water fog and obstacle on hydrogen/air deflagration, multiple sets of experiments were set up. The results show that the instability of thermal diffusion under lean combustion conditions is the main influencing factor of hydrogen/air flame surface instability, and the existence of water fog will aggravate the hydrogen/air flame surface instability. When obstacle is not considered, 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog can significantly reduce the flame velocity and explosion overpressure of hydrogen/air, 45 μm fine water fog plays the opposite role. When considering the relative position of the water fog release position and the obstacle, the 8 μm, 15 μm, 30 μm water fog has almost no suppression effect when released near the obstacle, but a significant suppression effect occur, when using the 45 μm water fog. In the field of theoretical research, the research results not only provide an experimental basis for the fine water fog to reduce the consequences of hydrogen explosion accidents, and the optimal diameter range used by the water fog, but also provide experimental reference for the numerical simulation of hydrogen/air explosion suppression in semi-open space, and promote the development of hydrogen explosion suppression theory. In terms of engineering applications, this study can provide a theoretical basis for the layout of fire fighting equipment in the engine room of nuclear power plants or hydrogen-powered ships.     

Consolidation considering increasing soil column radius for dredged slurries improved by vacuum preloading method

Soil column is often investigated in the improvement of dredged slurries. Different from the smear zone, the soil column forms gradually and has extremely low permeability. This study presents an analytical solution for soil consolidation considering the increasing radius of the soil column and time-dependent discharge capacity. Based on the solution, the influence of the radius' increase on the consolidation behavior is found significant when the soil column has low permeability and large final radius, and the increase of formation time can lead to the increase of consolidation speed and final consolidation degree.     

Influence of Se and Te substitutions at Tl-site of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu2O7 superconductor on the AC susceptibility and electrical properties

The Sr and Ba bearing Tl-1212 phase, Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ is an interesting superconductor. The Sr only bearing TlSr₂CaCu₂O₇ is not easily prepared in the superconducting form. The Ba only bearing TlBa₂CaCu₂O₇ on the other hand does not show improvement in the transition temperature with elemental substitution. In this work the influence of multivalent Se (non-metal) and Te (metalloid) substitutions at the Tl-site of Tl_1-xM_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ (M = Se or Te) superconductors for x = 0–0.6 was studied. The samples were prepared via the conventional solid-state reaction method. XRD patterns showed a single Tl-1212 phase for x = 0 and 0.1 Se substituted samples. The critical current density at the peak temperature, T_p of the imaginary (χ”) part of the AC susceptibility (χ = χ’ +χ”), J_c-inter(T_p) for all samples was between 15 and 21 A cm⁻². The highest superconducting transition temperature was shown by the x = 0.3 Se-substituted sample (T_c-onset = 104 K, T_c-zero = 89 K, T_cχ’ = 104 K and T_p = 80 K). Te suppressed the superconductivity of Tl-1212 phase. The order of highest transition temperatures are as follows: Tl_1-xTe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇<Tl_1-xSe_x(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇. This work showed that Se was better than Te in improving the transition temperature and flux pinning of the Tl-1212 phase. The roles of ionic radius of Se and Te on the superconductivity of Tl(Ba,Sr)CaCu₂O₇ are discussed in this paper.     

蒸汽爆破技术对苹果果胶乳化特性的影响

明确蒸汽爆破处理对苹果果胶乳化性的影响。对苹果果胶进行蒸汽爆破处理,研究汽爆压力和汽爆时间对果胶乳化活性和乳化稳定性的影响,并比较汽爆前后果胶粒径和果胶表观黏度,通过显微镜观察乳化液的微观结构。结果表明,果胶乳化活性和乳化稳定性随着爆破压力和爆破时间的增加而增加,与未汽爆处理的果胶相比,在0.6 MPa/120 s处理条件下,果胶乳化活性由21.05 m2/g增加至43.61 m2/g;乳化稳定性由89.60 min增加到125.92 min;乳化液平均粒径由143.1 μm减少为100 μm;乳化液表观黏度显著上升,显微观察显示汽爆后的苹果果胶乳化液滴更加均匀细密。蒸汽爆破处理苹果果胶提高了乳化性,使果胶乳化性整体改善。     

滚齿工艺对齿根粗糙度的影响

针对国内外风电和工业齿轮箱轻量化的设计趋势,较低的安全系数对齿轮齿根弯曲强度提出了更为严格的要求。研究表明,在材料技术和齿形设计难以再优化的情况下,滚齿加工的粗糙度,尤其是齿根部位的粗糙度对齿轮弯曲强度的影响尤为敏感。针对滚齿工艺过程,从滚齿加工参数、刀具前刀面粗糙度和刀具刃口圆角三方面进行分析,验证其对齿根粗糙度的影响。     

爆炸防控技术在爆破工程警务规划和技术评估中应用

通过介绍爆炸防控技术概念的内涵和外延,说明了爆破工程警务规划设计和技术评估的目的,就是有效防止或遏制涉爆事故,维护社会公共安全。在对一项复杂环境下的基础开挖爆破工程实施警务规划设计和技术评估时,警务技术民警对照爆破作业设计施工单位技术方案中的参数,现场核实需要保护的建筑和重要设施,准确测量保护目标与爆区的实际距离,分析是否存在影响爆破工程实施的不稳定因素,确认上述参数符合安全要求后做出准予爆破许可的建议。爆破工程警务规划设计和技术评估的要点就是要通过现场核查,核实爆破有害效应是否可控,能否确保爆破施工时周边保护目标的安全。     

组合轮径差对地铁车辆动力学性能的影响

为了研究各种轮径差组合形式对地铁车辆动力学性能的影响,基于车辆系统动力学和赫兹非线性接触理论,建立地铁动车非线性动力学模型,分析各种轮径差组合工况下地铁车辆的临界速度、平稳性、安全性和磨耗功率及其变化规律。结果表明:在多种轮径差组合工况下,轮径差增大会使地铁车辆的临界速度有较大幅度降低,会使地铁车辆的横向平稳性和磨耗功率明显增大;轮径差对地铁车辆的垂向平稳性、轮轴横向力、轮轨垂向力、脱轨系数和轮重减载率影响较小;通过左、右曲线时,轮径差对磨耗功率增幅的影响存在差异,但变化规律一致。     

Experimental investigation on the dynamic responses of vented hydrogen explosion in a 40-foot container

To investigate the structural dynamics of a container subjected to a vented hydrogen explosion, 48 field tests were conducted in a 40-foot container with roof vents and an end vent. The effects of the hydrogen concentration, ignition position, and obstacles on the evolution of the dynamic responses were investigated. Three stages were generally observed for displacements: (1) At the stage of the vent rupture, the displacement could be approximated as a quasi-static response, and there was a linear relationship between the peaks of positive overpressure and displacement. (2) Structural deformation appeared as reciprocating vibration at the stage of Helmholtz oscillation. (3) The structure exhibited relatively weak irregular fluctuation when high-frequency acoustic oscillation occurred. Two types of the structural acceleration with low and high amplitudes resulting from Helmholtz oscillation and acoustic oscillation, respectively, were clearly observed. For the end-vented explosion, multiple peaks were observed for the displacement at the quasi-static stage due to the rupture, discharge, and external explosion. Moreover, the displacement was sensitive to hydrogen concentration, whereas the number of obstacles and the ignition position had significant influences on the peak acceleration for roof venting. This work conducted the fundamental explanation for the evolution law of structural responses induced by vented hydrogen explosions from the perspective of structural dynamics and enriched the experimental accumulation in a large-scale container with congestion in this field.     

Qualitative analysis of thermal explosion of sodium droplet with variable thermophysical properties and thermal radiations

There are many coolants frequently used in the industry for controlling not only heat transfer, but also temperature distribution in a confined domain. However, little is known on the thermal properties of sodium droplets. The qualitative analysis of differential equations that model the thermal explosion, nonlinear dynamic of sodium droplet with variable thermophysical properties when thermal radiations are considered as suggested by Cogley et al, Sohrab et al, and P‐1 approximation Sazhin et al is deliberated upon in this study. The governing equations, first‐order nonlinear ordinary differential equations, are nondimensionalized using the appropriate similarity variables. The existence and uniqueness of the solutions, concavity, and convexity of the temperature distribution, and positivity nature of the solutions of the dimensionless governing equations are established. It is concluded that there exists a solution for a certain range of the admissible parameters and when the reduced activation energy is negative and temperature distribution fits concavity. More so, the major criteria to obtain a positive solution are outlined in this study.