能源土边界面模型的应力更新算法及算例分析

水合物的存在会显著影响能源土的刚度、峰值强度与剪胀性。针对已有能源土模型的不足，结合边界面模型的建模思想，构建一个新的能源土边界面模型，模型参数较少，能够恰当反映能源土的应力-应变关系。计算能源土变形问题的核心在于正确积分塑性本构方程，应用完全隐式回退Euler算法，建立模型应力及塑性内变量的更新公式，并给出显式的一致性切线模量表达式。基于ABAQUS软件提供的二次开发接口，编写模型的用户材料子程序，应用已有试验数据验证程序正确性。最后应用开发的子程序对能源土的平面应变试验进行模拟，分析水合物饱和度对剪切带倾角与孔隙比的影响。     

A CCD-ADI method for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients

In this paper, a combined compact finite difference method (CCD) together with alternating direction implicit (ADI) scheme is developed for two-dimensional linear and nonlinear hyperbolic telegraph equations with variable coefficients. The proposed CCD-ADI method is second-order accurate in time variable and sixth-order accurate in space variable. For the linear hyperbolic equation, the CCD-ADI method is shown to be unconditionally stable by using the Von Neumann stability analysis. Numerical results for both linear and nonlinear hyperbolic equations are presented to illustrate the high accuracy of the proposed method.     

生物氧化预处理中进气量实时预测数学模型研究

精准预测生物氧化预处理中的进气量对提高黄金提取率和节能降耗具有重要意义。以气体管流连续性方程和运动方程为控制方程，采用Preissmann隐格式法作为差分方法。同时，根据集合卡尔曼滤波(Ensemble Kalman filter，EnKF)算法原理，构造进气量、压强的状态空间模型。结果表明，基于气体管流控制方程建立的进气量模型预测结果与实际进气量观测值具有较好的一致性；与传统静态预测方法相比，EnKF同化方法引入实时观测值和模型参数的更新，有效提高了进气量的预测精度，其平均绝对误差、平均相对误差和均方根误差有明显的降低。可见，基于气体管流控制方程建立的预测模型结合EnKF同化方法是提高生物氧化槽进气量预测精度的有效手段。     

Global optimization of stiff dynamical systems

We present a deterministic global optimization method for nonlinear programming formulations constrained by stiff systems of ordinary differential equation (ODE) initial value problems (IVPs). The examples arise from dynamic optimization problems exhibiting both fast and slow transient phenomena commonly encountered in model-based systems engineering applications. The proposed approach utilizes unconditionally stable implicit integration methods to reformulate the ODE-constrained problem into a nonconvex nonlinear program (NLP) with implicit functions embedded. This problem is then solved to global optimality in finite time using a spatial branch-and-bound framework utilizing convex/concave relaxations of implicit functions constructed by a method which fully exploits problem sparsity. The algorithms were implemented in the Julia programming language within the EAGO.jl package and demonstrated on five illustrative examples with varying complexity relevant in process systems engineering. The developed methods enable the guaranteed global solution of dynamic optimization problems with stiff ODE–IVPs embedded.     

基于内隐测量的APP交互流程可用性评估方法

目的 研究内隐测量用于交互流程评估的普遍方法，选取适合的参考指标建立评估标准，旨在提出一套完整且通用的评估策略。方法 以带有拍摄功能的宠物社交类APP为载体，提出两种不同的交互流程，建立交互原型，并提取两套原型中差异较大的流程进行对比实验，采用眼动仪收集被测的无意识行为，依据首次注视时间、兴趣区域注视率，注视点图等指标分析实验数据，并与外显测量结果相结合，衡量用户操作情况以及APP的交互性能。结果 根据实验和数据分析，得出以拍摄界面为主页是更适合宠物社交APP的交互方式。结论 内隐测量评估作为一种新兴的产品可用性评估方式，不仅在交互界面设计评估上得到了广泛的应用，还可作为产品交互流程的评估方法，并具有深度挖掘的意义。     

Can video games change attitudes towards history? Results from a laboratory experiment measuring short- and long-term effects

This study investigates a video game's effects on implicit and explicit attitudes towards depicted historical events in the short- and long-term on a sample of 148 young adults. We used, as an intervention tool, a serious game Czechoslovakia 38–89: Borderlands that deals with the expulsion of the Sudeten Germans from the former Czechoslovakia after the WWII. Results showed more negative pretest-posttest explicit attitude changes towards the expulsion on a general level (d = −0.34) and a specific level (d = −0.53) compared to the control group. Over the long-term, group differences in attitude change remained significant for the specific level (d = −0.44), but not for general one (d = −0.16). Exploratory analysis on the item level indicated that especially attitudes towards the expulsion's (un)fairness were affected by the game. However, no significant changes were found in implicit attitudes in the experimental group. This study is the first of such scale to empirically investigate video games' effects on a society's historical awareness.     

考虑分界面的黏性泥石流下游演进数学模型研究

基于分界面理论,以泥石流屈服深度对应的面为分界面,将黏性泥石流分为理想流体和Bingham流体,建立了模拟黏性泥石流演进过程的数学模型和相应计算方法。该模型基于泥石流的运动特征,注重不同层间泥石流流速的差异,并可合理反映泥石流运动速度对其演进形态的影响机制;同时,全面考虑了黏性泥石流在演进过程中所呈现的"舌状体"和"龙头"由上向下翻落现象,因此可更准确描述黏性泥石流在演进过程中的运动状态。采用3组模型试验结果对建立的数学模型与计算方法进行了验证,结果表明:模型计算得出的泥石流泛滥范围和最大堆积厚度与模型试验结果误差在±5%以内,验证了模型的合理性。     

功能函数不明确结构四阶矩可靠度的分析方法

本文探讨了功能函数不明确结构四阶矩可靠度的分析方法。给出确定利用最大熵原理建立的功能函数概率分布密度的待定参数时由高斯积分表达的离散化公式。本文方法是为功能函数不明确结构而提出的,也可用于功能函数为显式结构的可靠度分析。特别本文采用的高斯积分离散化公式使在同样的精度下计算量大为减少,解决了四阶矩可靠度分析的费时问题。     

隧道时程动力反应分析改进算法

在Newmark隐式积分方法的基础上，提出了提高计算效率的改进方法，并指出非线性动力分析中，处理初始静应力场应注意的问题。以某一隧道为例，计算了其在列车动力荷载作用下的反应，并与显式方法进行了比较。计算表明，改进的计算方法，较大地提高了隐式方法的计算效率，且采用无条件稳定的隐式积分方法计算所需要的时间大大小于显式积分方法所需要的时间。对于隧道等地下结构的动力反应分析，宜使用无条件的稳定的隐式时间积分方法求解。     

Parallel Simulation of Power Systems Transient Stability Based on Implicit Runge–Kutta Methods and W-transformation

This paper presents a novel parallel algorithm for power systems transient stability simulation based on fully implicit Runge–Kutta (IRK) method. The s-stage IRK method is used to convert the differential-algebraic system simultaneously at s different time points into a set of non-linear algebraic equations, and the algebraic system is then solved by Newton's method. By the use of the matrix factorization technique, the solution of the linear equations involved in Newton's process is divided into two parts: the first part is decoupled at s different time points, thus it is fully parallelizable in time, and the second part is solved by preconditioned generalized minimal residual method (GMRES) method, while a new preconditioning method has been proposed by using the W-transformation and double-parameters method. For test, the proposed algorithm is implemented on multiple-graphics processing units (GPUs) computing platform. The results show that the proposed algorithm is accurate and has good convergence. Moreover, the parallel algorithm implemented on multiple-GPUs computing platform achieves high parallel efficiency.