汽轮机运行调节方式优化策略探析

分析了汽轮机的喷嘴调节、节流调节、旁通调节、定压调节和滑压调节等几种基本调节方式的特点,指出现役燃煤火电机组多因调节方式单一而普遍存在着调峰能力不足、负荷响应迟缓以及因长期偏离设计工况致使运行安全经济性下降等诸多问题,提出了通过调节方式的优化组合,采用(节流)定压-滑压-(喷嘴)定压-旁通调节的复合调节方式,以实现煤电机组安全、经济、灵活、快速地参与电网的深度调峰,破解具有强随机波动性的新能源电量规模化并网的困境。     

Bulging in incremental sheet forming of cold bonded multi-layered Cu clad sheet: Influence of forming conditions and bending

Bulge is a defect that causes geometrical inaccuracy and premature failure in the innovative incremental sheet forming (ISF) process. This study has two-fold objectives: (1) knowing the bulging behavior of a Cu clad tri-layered steel sheet as a function of forming conditions, and (2) analyzing the bending effect on bulging in an attempt to identify the associated mechanism. A series of ISF tests and bending analysis are performed to realize these objectives. From the cause-effect analysis, it is found that bulge formation in the layered sheet is sensitive to forming conditions in a way that bulging can be minimized utilizing annealed material and performing ISF with larger tool diameter and step size. The bending under tension analysis reveals that the formation of bulge is an outgrowth of bending moment that the forming tool applies on the sheet during ISF. Furthermore, the magnitude of bending moment depending upon the forming conditions varies from 0.046 to 10.24 N·m/m and causes a corresponding change in the mean bulge height from 0.07 to 0.91 mm. The bending moment governs bulging in layered sheet through a linear law. These findings lead to a conclusion that the bulge defect can be overcome by controlling the bending moment and the formula proposed can be helpful in this regards.     

Fingerprint optimization method for the indoor localization system

The accuracy of the indoor localization is influenced directly by the quality of the fingerprint. But the indoor localization algorithms in existence are almost conducted based on the original fingerprint which is not optimized. The k-means is introduced to optimize the fingerprint in this paper. And deleting the collected bad-points through the theory of cluster could make the fingerprint more accurate for the indoor localization algorithm. Compared with the indoor localization systems in existence, the result of experiments shows that the optimized fingerprint can increase the accurate of indoor localization with a higher probability.     

基于功能参数的渐进成形件表面质量表征研究

目的 以圆锥台成形件为例，基于粗糙表面的区域支承率曲线，进行了用功能参数表征表面几何形貌的研究，以全面、准确、定量地表征渐进成形件的表面质量，预测表面性能。方法 用渐进成形工艺加工成形角分别为35°、45°和55°的圆锥台件，将各圆锥台的成形面分为顶部、中部和底部三个区域，并使用三维表面轮廓仪，在上述三个区域中随机测量各4个样本。根据ISO 25178-2:2012，将各样本表面的区域支承率曲线分为峰区、核心区和谷区，选用部分功能参数——核心区高度Sk、峰区材料体积Vmp、核心区材料体积Vmc和谷区空隙体积Vvv表征表面，并与常用的高度表征参数——Sa、Sq、Ssk和Sku进行比较。结果 成形件表面的Ssk和Sku的计算值极不稳定，变异系数（标准偏差与均值之比）最高值分别可达127.67%和39.11%，Sa、Sq的最大变异系数分别为4.41%和4.26%，虽然它们的参数计算值较为稳定，但常无法体现表面形貌的实际差异。功能参数独立表征不同功能区，Sk和Vmc的最大变异系数分别为9.32%和7.73%，说明同一表面各处，在长期工作阶段具有较为一致的表面性能，Vmp和Vvv的最大变异系数分别为60.53%和31.25%，说明表面各处峰、谷区的形貌有所不同，因而在磨合时间、磨粒存储等方面会有不同的表现。结论 粗糙表面的三维本质要求用三维表征参数才能全面表征其几何形貌。高度参数虽然计算简单，但常难以解读它们的物理意义，无法定量评价表面性能；功能参数具有明确的物理意义，可为表征表面质量、预测表面性能提供定量、实用的方法。     

壳牌气化炉激冷口盘管损坏原因分析及改进

简要介绍壳牌气化炉结构及工艺流程、激冷口结构及存在问题;分析激冷口盘管损坏原因及如何避免;检修优化及取得的效果。     

铝电解关键指标预测方法的研究与应用

为维持铝电解生产的持续性，保证电解槽的物耗稳定和能耗稳定，通过对铝厂数据的挖掘与建模，提出一整套维持电解槽稳定的策略方法，并用于指导实际生产。首先为数据去噪，针对铝厂数据分布特征未知的特点，提出一种无参自适应的模糊聚类方法，通过迭代自适应得到类簇个数和簇中心；根据聚类结果，将铝厂数据按实际意义标签化，提出一种基于距离的连续属性朴素贝叶斯算法，对分类器使用增量思想，使算法动态分类准确率得到提高；应用单槽测试集数据，通过累积法完成当天各指标等级趋势的预测，确定各指标下变量相对于前一天的变化量，完成预测。实验发现，预测模型可完成铝电解关键指标的预测；提出的聚类、分类算法在UCI数据及铝厂数据上表现良好。     

A time integration algorithm for a 3D constitutive model for SMAs including permanent inelasticity and degradation effects

Components based on shape‐memory alloys are often subjected to several loading cycles that result in substantial alteration of material behavior. In such a framework, accurate models, as well as robust and efficient numerical approaches, become essential to allow for the simulation of complex devices. The present paper focuses on the numerical simulation of quasi‐static problems involving shape‐memory alloy structures or components subjected to multiple loading‐unloading cycles. A novel state‐update procedure for a three‐dimensional phenomenological model able to describe the saturation of permanent inelasticity, including degradation effects, is proposed here. The algorithm, being of the predictor‐corrector type and relying on an incremental energy minimization approach, is based on elastic checks, closed‐form solutions of polynomial equations, and nonlinear scalar equations solved through a combination of Newton‐Raphson and bisection methods. This allows for an easy implementation of model equations and to avoid the use of regularization parameters for the treatment of nonsmooth functions. Numerical results assess the good performances of the proposed approach in predicting both pseudoelastic and shape‐memory material behavior under cyclic loading as well as algorithm robustness.     

气液联合冲击器参数优化设计

分析了液压冲击器冲击机构的控制形式,得出气液联合冲击器采用后腔控制式的结构比较合理。经理论分析与计算表明，在多档冲击器的某一档上确定的最优抽象设计变量α，在其它各档上也同样适合。以此为基础得出了冲击活塞系统的基本参数设计计算公式，并以液压冲击器供油峰值流量最小为优化设计目标，进行了优化设计，求得了抽象设计变量最优值αu。