Using retrospective sampling to estimate models of relationship status in large longitudinal social networks

Estimation of longitudinal models of relationship status between all pairs of individuals (dyads) in social networks is challenging due to the complex inter-dependencies among observations and lengthy computation times. To reduce the computational burden of model estimation, a method is developed that subsamples the “always-null” dyads in which no relationships develop throughout the period of observation. The informative sampling process is accounted for by weighting the likelihood contributions of the observations by the inverses of the sampling probabilities. This weighted-likelihood estimation method is implemented using Bayesian computation and evaluated in terms of its bias, efficiency, and speed of computation under various settings. Comparisons are also made to a full information likelihood-based procedure that is only feasible to compute when limited follow-up observations are available. Calculations are performed on two real social networks of very different sizes. The easily computed weighted-likelihood procedure closely approximates the corresponding estimates for the full network, even when using low sub-sampling fractions. The fast computation times make the weighted-likelihood approach practical and able to be applied to networks of any size.     

SATWE程序中不同楼板模型对比和设计建议

对一规则平面高层结构采用SATWE程序中不同楼板假定模型进行了结构分析。结果表明,采用刚性楼板假定时,现浇楼板对梁刚度的增大不宜估计过高。楼板平面有限元分析表明,在楼板配筋时,框架梁处板顶负筋宜适当加大,普通楼面梁处板顶负筋宜适当减小。     

两回高压直流输电线路交叉跨越时地面合成电场计算

高压直流输电线路交叉跨越是我国特高压技术发展中可能出现的新问题。为了建设满足电磁环境要求的直流输电工程,应当研究相应的合成电场预测方法。由于两回直流线路相互影响,交叉跨越区域内合成电场呈复杂的三维分布。本文提出一种两回直流线路交叉跨越时地面合成电场的计算方法,该方法基于三维通量线法,采用模拟电荷法计算标称电场,利用Deutsch假设计算合成电场。通过在实验室内搭建直流导线交叉跨越试验平台,对计算方法进行验证。基于该方法,对±800k V线路跨越±500k V线路时地面合成电场的分布进行研究。与一回±500k V线路单独存在相比,±800k V线路以90°跨越±500k V线路时,地面合成电场峰值基本不变,但分布规律更为复杂。     

超材料吸波器的极化特性研究进展

超材料由于具有吸波特性而引起了人们的极大兴趣.简要介绍了超材料产生吸波的原理,并着重阐述了吸波超材料在微波段、光波段以及太赫兹波段的极化特性和相应超材料吸波器结构的模拟及实验研究进展.这种超材料的吸波特性在军事和民用上具有潜在的应用价值.     

分块的有序范德蒙矩阵作为压缩感知测量矩阵的研究

测量矩阵是压缩感知(Compressed Sensing, CS)的重要组成部分,确定性的测量矩阵易于硬件实现,但是重构信号的精度一般不如随机矩阵.针对这一缺点,该文提出并构造了一种新的确定性测量矩阵,称作分块的有序范德蒙矩阵.范德蒙矩阵具有线性不相关的性质,在此基础上加上分块操作和对元素进行有序排列得到的分块的有序范德蒙矩阵,实现了时域中的非均匀采样,特别适合于维数较大的自然图像信号.仿真实验表明,对于图像信号该矩阵具有远高于高斯矩阵的重构精度,可以作为实际中的测量矩阵使用.     

油气开采企业开展深层煤炭地下气化业务的前景分析

我国主要含油气盆地深层煤炭资源蕴藏量丰富,但长期以来未能得到有效开发利用。煤炭地下气化技术（UCG）属于煤炭资源清洁高效开发和利用的范畴,符合国家“能源革命”的相关要求,国内外的发展经验已经初步证实,UCG在技术、经济和市场方面均是可行的。分析结果认为,油气企业在推动深层UCG发展的进程中具有很大的优势,具体表现在以下方面：①国家政策层面大力支持UCG工业化;②油气开采企业具有一定的资源优势;③油气开采企业具有明显的工程技术优势;④油气开采企业具有类似的生产控制经验;⑤油气开采企业具有市场保障优势和天然气替代效益驱动;⑥油气开采企业具有利用深层UCG建设地下储气库的综合优势。综合宏观的国际形势及UCG业务发展所面临的困难,提出了对我国深层UCG可持续发展的建议：可以由油气开采企业牵头,煤炭开采企业和燃气发电企业参与,集中各家优势力量,实现互利共赢。结论认为,发展深层UCG业务可以将原来无法开发利用的深层煤炭资源转化为现实的、长期的清洁能源供应,这将有力推动中国“能源独立”的进程。     

烧结钕铁硼表面复合电沉积氧化石墨烯镀锌层

目的烧结钕铁硼(NbFeB)是一种应用范围非常广泛的多孔磁性材料,由于多孔结构易发生腐蚀,需在其表面制备相应的镀层进行防护。方法利用电沉积法将提前制备的氧化石墨烯(GO)与镀锌溶液混合,在NdFeB基体表面电沉积制备出锌镀层与氧化石墨烯复合镀锌层。结果镀锌液中,氧化石墨烯(GO)的浓度、阴极电流密度以及搅拌速度,对复合镀锌层的表面微观形貌具有一定的影响,同时一定浓度的氧化石墨烯(GO)可以改变镀层的生长取向,Zn/rGO的优先生长晶面由(100)变成(002)。膜层的微观形貌从纯锌紧密堆积在一起的凸起晶粒变成了Zn/rGO的纳米片状形貌。交流阻抗和动电位极化曲线结果表明,镀Zn层和Zn/rGO复合镀锌层经过3.5%Na Cl溶液中浸泡后,Zn/rGO纳米复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能明显增加。结论相比于单一的镀锌层,Zn/GO复合镀锌层的耐腐蚀性明显增加。     

Ethos of independence across regions in the United States: The production-adoption model of cultural change.

Contemporary U.S. culture has a highly individualistic ethos. Nevertheless, exactly how this ethos was historically fostered remains unanalyzed. A new model of dynamic cultural change maintains that sparsely populated, novel environments that impose major threats to survival, such as the Western frontier in the United States during the 18th and 19th centuries, breed strong values of independence, which in turn guide the production of new practices that encourage self-promotion and focused, competitive work. Faced with few significant threats to survival, residents in traditional areas are likely to seek social prestige by adopting existing practices of other, higher status groups. Because of both the massive economic success of the frontier and the official endorsement of the frontier by the federal government, eastern residents of the United States in the 18th and 19th centuries may have actively adopted the frontier practices of independence, thus incorporating the frontier ethos of independence to form the contemporary U.S. national culture. Available evidence is reviewed, and implications for further research on cultural change are suggested. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

职业教育视野下的当代建筑理论教学

以当代建筑历史与理论教学的转型为背景,以英国建筑联盟学院1～5年级历史与理论课程的分析为线索,展开对建筑理论学习在职业教育中所承担角色这一问题的思考,并提出与知识学习不同的新的观念—思维方式的训练和独立视野的形成。