Safety performance functions incorporating design consistency variables

Highway design which ensures that successive elements are coordinated in such a way as to produce harmonious and homogeneous driver performances along the road is considered consistent and safe. On the other hand, an alignment which requires drivers to handle high speed gradients and does not meet drivers' expectancy is considered inconsistent and produces higher crash frequency.     

Evaluation of expanded gamut software solutions for spot color reproduction

Expanded gamut printing is an approach in color reproduction that expands the color gamut of conventional CMYK printing processes via the use of additional colorants, such as Orange, Green, and Violet inks. This study evaluates the ability of commercial color management software to create an accurate solution for an expanded gamut printing system. In this study, two printing processes were used, an Epson SureColor P9000 inkjet printer/proofer and an HP Indigo 7900 digital production press, both with 7-color expanded gamut ink sets. Software solutions from Alwan, CGS ORIS, ColorLogic, GMG Color, Heidelberg, and Kodak were evaluated. The systems were tested to see how well they could reproduce the colors in the entire PANTONE+ Solid Coated spot color library. It is shown that the solutions are able to reproduce 89% to 94% of the spot colors on the Epson P9000 inkjet printer and 77% to 87% of the library on the Indigo 7900, both to less than two CIEDE2000 (a typical tolerance in label and packaging work). The number of color patches in expanded gamut characterization test charts was noted, as this is still an area of proprietary, nonstandardized working practice. There are many different colorant combinations that can make the same color in expanded gamut printing. The ink build created by the different software solutions was studied, as it relates to press stability through appropriate choice of colorants. Pantone and Adobe provide everyday commercial tools for expanded color workflows. The study identified some issues with products from these companies that could confuse a less-skilled user in a busy production environment. The conclusion of the study is that expanded gamut solutions for spot color printing produce totally acceptable results for digital printing processes; expanded gamut printing is ready, here and now. The findings show that expanded gamut printing can replace cumbersome conventional spot color workflows creating considerable savings and advantages, especially for label and packaging printers.     

Three-dimensional surface profile measurement of a cylindrical surface using a multi-beam angle sensor

To investigate the application of the multi-beam angle sensor (MBAS) to high-precision optical aspheric and freeform surfaces, which are critical components in optical systems, we present a method of using an MBAS to reconstruct an aspheric surface from angle data. The MBAS is based on a multi-autocollimator system with a microlens array, which can split the beam into several spots and can convert centroid detection of the light intensity into an angle measurement. The MBAS is designed to address the curvature-range problem via a circumferential scan better than other methods and automatically eliminates the tilt error caused by rotation of a workpiece. Using a tracking technique, the MBAS can automatically determine focal spot positions from the centroid measurement of the light intensity. This is directly related to the accuracy of the angular difference measurement. The experimental results confirm the feasibility of using an MBAS for 3D surface profile measurements of cylindrical surfaces.     

硬石膏表面改性及在PVC型材中的应用

研究了硬脂酸改性硬石膏的效果和机理，测试了改性硬石膏应用于型材的力学性能。结果表明：改性后的硬石膏表面从极性变成了非极性。SEM照片显示，改性后硬石膏团聚减少；FT-IR分析表明，硬脂酸与硬石膏的表面以化学键结合。改性后的硬石膏可应用于PVC型材．并有良好的效果．在以10份填充PVC时远超过国家的型材标准。     

第二章 钢管混凝土的工作性能和设计指标

在获得钢材和混凝土在多轴应力状态时的本构关系的研究成果的基础上,把钢管混凝土视为一种组合的统一体.利用对其轴心受压和纯剪工作性能的研究结果,提出了确定组合抗压强度、组合抗剪强度以及组合模量等设计指标.     

Effects of microelements on soil nematode assemblages seven years after contaminating an agricultural field

Long-term effects of Cd, Cr, Cu, Se and Zn were studied 7 years after artificially contaminating plots of an agricultural field on a calcareous chernozem soil. Effects of three to four different contamination levels (originally 10, 30, 90 and 270 mg kg⁻¹) were studied. Nematode density was significantly reduced by 90 and 270 mg kg⁻¹ Se as well as by 270 mg kg⁻¹ Cr, while 90 and 270 mg kg⁻¹ Se also reduced nematode generic richness. Maturity Index values (calculated for c-p 2–5 nematodes) consistently decreased with increasing Cr and Se concentration and to a lesser extent in Zn plots as well. Structure Index showed decreasing trends in increasing Cr, Se and (to a lesser extent) in Zn treatments, while in Cd it shows a moderate increase. Distribution of c-p groups was negatively affected by the increasing Cr and Se concentration, while in Zn plots, this decrease was not significant. Response of feeding groups to pollutions was similar to other parameters: Cr and Se caused significant changes toward the loss of variability. The proportion of the most sensitive omnivorous and predatory nematodes decreased clearly as a consequence of Cr and Se treatments. Zn pollution also resulted in a slight decrease in this group, while Cd caused an increase. Nematode diversity profiles showed a significant decrease in the plots of increased Cr and Se concentrations, while increased concentrations of Cu and Zn resulted in ambiguous effects. Besides providing evidence on the harmful effects of Cr and Se on a soil nematode assemblage, our results suggest that simultaneous analysis of Maturity Index, Structure Index and diversity profiles provide a promising tool in nematological indication of soil pollution.     

PVC—PMMA复合塑料门窗型材共挤出成型模具设计

根据聚合物流变学原理，设计制造了８５系列推拉窗用框、扇和封边型材３套两用挤出模，挤出速率２ｍ／ｍｉｎ以上，产量１４０～１６０ｋｇ／ｈ，达到了进口模具生产水平，产出型材符合ＧＢ８８１４－８８标准要求。     

Preparation of Human Milk Fat Substitutes from Lard by Lipase‐Catalyzed Interesterification Based on Triacylglycerol profiles

Human milk fat substitutes (HMFSs) with triacylglycerol profiles highly similar to those of human milk fat (HMF) were prepared from lard by physical blending followed by enzymatic interesterification. Based on the fatty acid profiles of HMF, different vegetable and single‐cell oils were selected and added to the lard. Blend ratios were calculated based on established physical blending models. The blended oils were then enzymatically interesterified using a 1,3‐regiospecific lipase, Lipozyme RM IM (RML from Rhizomucor miehei immobilized on Duolite ES562; Novozymes A/S, Bagsværd, Denmark), to approximate HMF triacylglycerol (TAG) profiles, particularly with respect to the distribution of palmitic acid in the sn?2 position. The optimized blending ratios were determined to be: lard:sunflower oil:canola oil:palm kernel oil:palm oil:algal oil:microbial oil = 1.00:0.10:0.50:0.13:0.12:0.02:0.02. The optimized reaction conditions were determined to be: enzyme load of 11 wt%, temperature of 60 °C, water content of 3.5 wt%, and reaction time of 3 hours. The resulting product was evaluated for total and sn?2 fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and TAG composition. A high degree of similarity was obtained, indicating the great potential of the product as a fat alternative for use in infant formulas.     

新型FRP拉挤夹芯型材及其结构应用初探

FRP拉挤夹芯型材是指采用拉挤成型工艺制作的复合材料夹芯构件,其外侧为FRP面层,内部为泡沫、轻木等轻质芯材,具有轻质高强、局部承压能力强、FRP面板不易屈曲、生产效率高、质量稳定等优点。以泡桐木和杨木等轻木、无碱玻璃纤维以及不饱和聚酯树脂为原材料,对FRP夹芯型材的拉挤成型工艺进行了研究,成功制造了不同截面形式的FRP拉挤夹芯型材,并对其界面性能、弯曲性能、轴心受压性能进行了试验研究。对FRP拉挤夹芯型材的工程应用进行了探讨,并对实际工程——玉竹楼项目进行了介绍。