Measurement invariance of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale's three-factor structure in men and women with cancer.

Objective: Illness- and treatment-related disruptions to valued activities and interests (illness intrusiveness) are central to quality of life in chronic disease and are captured by three subscales of the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings Scale (IIRS): the Instrumental, Intimacy, and Relationships and Personal Development subscales. Using individual (CFA) and multisample confirmatory factor analyses (MSCFA), we evaluated measurement invariance of the IIRS's 3-factor structure in men and women with cancer. Method: Men (n = 210) and women (n = 206) with 1 of 4 cancer diagnoses (gastrointestinal, head and neck, lymphoma, lung) recruited from outpatient clinics completed the IIRS. In the MSCFA, we applied an analysis of means and covariance structures approach to test increasingly stringent equality constraints on factor structure parameters to evaluate weak, strong, and strict measurement invariance of the 3-factor structure between men and women. Results: Individual CFAs demonstrated fit of the hypothesized 3-factor structure for men and women, although more consistently for men. The 3-factor structure was superior to an alternative 1-factor structure. MSCFA results indicated that parameters of the 3-factor structure could be considered equivalent between the sexes up to the level of strong invariance. Strict invariance was not supported. Conclusions: Overall, IIRS scores can be interpreted similarly for men and women with cancer. Illness intrusiveness can be considered as important in the psychosocial adaptation of people with cancer as it is for people affected by other chronic conditions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved)     

The differential effect of child age on the illness intrusiveness–parent distress relationship in juvenile rheumatic disease.

Objective: Examine age-related patterns of association between parent-reported illness intrusiveness and parent distress in parents of youth with juvenile rheumatic diseases (JRDs). Study Design: Cross-sectional multiple regression analysis tested child age as a moderator in the illness intrusiveness–distress relationship. Participants: Fifty-two parents of children ages 9–17 diagnosed with JRD. Main Outcome Measures: The Illness Intrusiveness Scale—Parent Version and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results: Parent-reported illness intrusiveness demonstrated a significant main effect on distress for all parents in the sample. This was qualified by an Illness Intrusiveness × Child Age interaction. Illness intrusiveness was found to be significantly related to distress among parents of older youth, but was only marginally related to distress for parents of younger children. Conclusions: Results are consistent with family life cycle development models of adjustment to childhood chronic illness. The clinical implications of the findings are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Cultural syndromes and age moderate the emotional impact of illness intrusiveness in rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective: The authors investigated cultural syndromes (multidimensional vectors comprising culturally based attitudes, values, and beliefs) and age as moderators of the emotional impact of illness intrusiveness—illness-induced lifestyle disruptions—in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examined illness intrusiveness effects in total and separately for three life domains (relationships and personal development, intimacy, and instrumental). Research Method/Design: People with RA (n = 105) completed the Illness Intrusiveness Ratings, Individualism–Collectivism, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression scales in a one-on-one interview. Results: Controlling for disease and background characteristics, the association between illness intrusiveness (total score and the Relationships and Personal Development subscale) and distress was inverse when young adults with RA endorsed high horizontal individualism. Illness intrusiveness into intimacy was associated with increased distress, and this intensified when respondents endorsed high vertical individualism, horizontal collectivism, vertical collectivism, or low horizontal individualism. The negative emotional impact of illness intrusiveness into intimacy diminished with increasing age. Conclusion: Given an aging and increasingly pluralistic society, diversity can no longer be ignored in addressing the psychosocial impact of chronic, disabling disease. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Online targeted ads: Effects of persuasion knowledge,coping self-efficacy,and product involvement on privacy concerns and ad intrusiveness

This study conducted an online experiment to examine how persuasion knowledge of online targeted advertising (OTA), coping self-efficacy, and product involvement influenced the perceptions of privacy concerns and ad intrusiveness. These findings indicated that persuasion knowledge increased coping self-efficacy, which, in turn, influenced privacy concerns and perceived ad intrusiveness. Furthermore, the relations between coping self-efficacy and the evaluations of the OTA varied, depending on levels of product involvement. Specifically, when participants had high product involvement, their perceptions of privacy concerns and ad intrusiveness increased as their coping self-efficacy enhanced. However, those relationships did not appear among participants with low levels of product involvement. Theoretical and managerial implications of these findings are discussed later.