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Many models of spoken word recognition posit the existence of lexical and sublexical representations, with excitatory and inhibitory mechanisms used to affect the activation levels of such representations. Bottom-up evidence provides excitatory input, and inhibition from phonetically similar representations leads to lexical competition. In such a system, long words should produce stronger lexical activation than short words, for 2 reasons: Long words provide more bottom-up evidence than short words, and short words are subject to greater inhibition due to the existence of more similar words. Four experiments provide evidence for this view. In addition, reaction-time-based partitioning of the data shows that long words generate greater activation that is available both earlier and for a longer time than is the case for short words. As a result, lexical influences on phoneme identification are extremely robust for long words but are quite fragile and condition-dependent for short words. Models of word recognition must consider words of all lengths to capture the true dynamics of lexical activation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Reports an error in "Interactive use of lexical information in speech perception" by Cynthia M. Connine and Charles Clifton (Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 1987[May], Vol 13[2], 291-299). In the aforementioned article, Figures 1 and 2 were inadvertently transposed. The figure on p. 294 is actually Figure 2, and the figure on p. 296 is actually Figure 1. The captions are correct as they stand. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1987-23984-001.) Two experiments are reported that demonstrate contextual effects on identification of speech voicing continua. Experiment 1 demonstrated the infuence of lexical knowledge on identification of ambiguous tokens from word–nonword and nonword–word continua. Reaction times for word and nonword responses showed a word advantage only for ambiguous stimulus tokens (at the category boundary); no word advantage was found for clear stimuli (at the continua endpoints). Experiment 2 demonstrated an effect of a postperceptual variable, monetary payoff, on nonword–nonword continua. Identification responses were influenced by monetary payoff, but reaction times for bias-consistent and bias-inconsistent responses did not differ at the category boundary. An advantage for bias-consistent responses was evident at the continua endpoints. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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David L. Hoover 《Computers and the Humanities》2003,37(2):151-178
This article examines the usefulness ofvocabulary richness for authorship attributionand tests the assumption that appropriatemeasures of vocabulary richness can capture anauthor's distinctive style or identity. Afterbriefly discussing perceived and actualvocabulary richness, I show that doubling andcombining texts affects some measures incomputationally predictable but conceptuallysurprising ways. I discuss some theoretical andempirical problems with some measures anddevelop simple methods to test how wellvocabulary richness distinguishes texts bydifferent authors. These methods show thatvocabulary richness is ineffective for largegroups of texts because of the extremevariability within and among them. I concludethat vocabulary richness is of marginal valuein stylistic and authorship studies because thebasic assumption that it constitutes awordprint for authors is false. 相似文献
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Ye. L. Stolov 《Journal of Electronic Testing》1993,4(3):283-283
Let a circuit havem outputs,m>1. There are two ways to test this circuit by means of a signature analyzer: use a single input analyzer for each output or use anm-input analyzer to test all outputs simultaneously. The main goal of this letter is to demonstrate that for fault output sequences with small multiplicity of errors and long length the second approach is more effective. 相似文献
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Two experiments involving 99 undergraduate participants sought to examine the influence of mood states on encoding speed within lexical decision and pronunciation tasks. Mood states were measured naturalistically in Experiment 1 and manipulated in Experiment 2. Stimuli consisted of nouns representing useful (e.g., food) and nonuseful (e.g., lint) objects. Mood states had no implications for initial encoding speed. However, when the same words were presented a 2nd time (i.e., repeated), happy individuals displayed a tendency to encode useful words faster than nonuseful ones. Thus, mood states influenced repetition priming on the basis of stimulus valence. The authors propose that happiness sensitizes individuals to useful or rewarding objects, which in turn creates a stronger memory trace for such stimuli in the future. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Ti-45Al-10Nb合金的高温氧化行为 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
研究了Ti—45A1—10Nb(原子分数,%)合金在800-960℃在氧气和空气中的氧化行为.结果表明,该合金具有较好的高温抗氧化性能,其氧化增重速率与铁基耐热不锈钢相似或略优.与Ti—50A1合金相反,Ti-45A1-10Nb合金在空气中的氧化增重速率明显低于在纯氧中的氧化增重速率.X射线衍射与能谱分析表明,Ti-45Al一10Nb合金在氧气中的氧化产物主要有TiO2和Al2O3,但在空气中的氧化产物中有TiN相.这是降低氧化速率的主要原因,同时,合金元素Nb稳定了氧化层中的TiN相,因而提高了合金在空气中的抗氧化性能. 相似文献
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NL句法分析中超语法符合现象的处理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文回顾并总结了句法层次上六种不同类型的超语法符合(extra grammaticality,简称EG)现象及它们的恢复原则, 描述了如何用扩充的GLR分析器(Extended GLR Parser简称EGLR)完整解决其中四种、部分解决其余两种现象的技术。在处理后两种现象时, 要涉及语义问题。 相似文献
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