Trends and driving forces of low-carbon energy technology innovation in China’s industrial sectors from 1998 to 2017: from a regional perspective

Low-carbon energy technology (LC) innovation contributes to both environmental protection and economic development. Using the panel data of 30 provinces/autonomous regions/municipalities in China from 1998 to 2017, this paper constructs a two-layer logarithmic mean Divisia index (LMDI) model to uncover the factors influencing the variation of the innovation of LC in China’s industrial sectors, including the alternative energy production technology (AEPT) and the energy conversation technology (ECT). The results show that China’s industrial LC patent applications rapidly increased after 2005 and AEPT patent applications outweighed ECT patent applications all the time with a gradually narrowing gap. Low-carbon degree played the dominant role in promoting the increase in China’s industrial LC patent applications, followed by the economic scale, R&D (research and development) efficiency, and R&D share. Economic structure contributed to the increases in LC patent applications in the central and the western regions, while led to the decreases in the eastern region, the north-eastern region, and Chinese mainland Xizang(Tibet) Autonoomous Region is not considered due to lack of data. This note applies to the entire article.. Low-carbon degree and economic scale were two main contributors to the growths of both industrial AEPT patent applications and ECT patent applications in Chinese mainland and the four regions. Several policy recommendations are made to further promote industrial innovation in China.     

城市低碳群体建筑外部边缘空间规划仿真研究

针对当前空间规划方法存在的计算时间长、规划成本高等问题,提出一种基于蚁群算法的低碳群体建筑外部边缘空间规划方法。依据城市低碳群体建筑外部边缘空间的模糊特性,引入模糊集合理论对建筑外部边缘空间进行理解和建筑外部边缘空间模糊矩阵的构建,对边缘空间进行划分和限定。结合建筑外部边缘空间的特性和具体关系模式进行空间层次划分,计算空间属性权重,以此确立空间规划目标,根据空间规划目标函数构建空间规划模型,设定求解空间规划模型的蚁群算法信息素更新方式,依据个体信息素转移概率指导个体进行模型最优解搜索。实验结果表明,所提方法与传统的空间规划方法相比,有效减少了计算时间,降低了规划成本。     

基于混合蚁群算法的异质车队低碳VRP研究

针对货运车辆在配送调度过程中产生大量碳排放的问题，建立模型将多种影响碳排放量的因素协同优化。模型中考虑了不同载重量的异质车队，两个节点之间有多条道路的柔性路径，以及车辆重量随卸货而减少的动态负载等因素，以碳排放量、行驶时间和行驶路程为优化目标，并加入了节点需求时间窗、根据速度变化划分路段、交接和卸货时间的约束。提出了一种混合蚁群算法，利用蚁群算法信息素强度更新方式保持群体记忆性，利用粒子群算法的快速收敛特性增加计算效率。通过随机数值算例的仿真优化与对比分析，验证了算法和模型的有效性。     

低碳环境下钢铁企业燃气系统动态平衡调度仿真

在“节能减排、降本增效”的大背景下,从碳素流视角切入,在煤气介质预测基础上,建立了0-1混合线性规划模型,以能源成本和碳交易成本总和最小化为目标,研究钢铁行业副产煤气生产调度问题。采用基于遗传算法的动态迭代调度算法,通过混合交叉算子和平均变异算子提高遗传算法局部搜索能力,并以国内某大型钢铁企业为仿真对象进行系统仿真,结果表明:混合煤气柜可以根据煤气产耗特点调整存储量,并保证存储量在合理范围内;调节用户会起到一定的缓冲作用,可以根据某种副产煤气的产耗特点响应增加或减少该种煤气的消耗量;当某种副产煤气严重不足时,固定消耗用户会根据优先级响应停调,以满足生产需求。可见副产煤气的优化调度应用可以为中国钢铁行业的低碳发展和节能减排提供技术支撑。     

硫硅酸钙-硫铝酸盐水泥研究进展

硫铝酸盐水泥具有煅烧温度低、CO₂排放少、快硬早强以及抗冻抗渗等优良特性,在建材、固废领域具有广阔的应用前景,并衍生出贝利特-硫铝酸钙、贝利特-硫铝酸钡钙等一系列硫铝酸盐水泥。然而,硫铝酸盐水泥主要矿物成分贝利特(β-C₂S)具有水化活性低、水化速度慢的缺点,易导致水泥后期强度增长缓慢。硫硅酸钙(C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$)曾被认为是一种“惰性”矿物,但在硫铝酸盐体系下可表现出比β-C₂S更强的水化活性,因此硫硅酸钙-硫铝酸盐水泥(TSAC)的研究具有重要意义。本文从C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$矿物的形成和水化、TSAC的制备和性能等方面,综述了C₅S₂$\bar{\text{S}}$和TSAC的研究现状,并提出了TSAC需进一步研究和解决的问题,如固废原料探寻、TSAC性能调控以及TSAC熟料矿物组成优化等,以期为新型低碳水泥的研究和应用提供积极有利的参考和支持。     

Synthesis of Al2O3-SiC powder from electroceramics waste and its application in low-carbon MgO-C refractories

Composite additives are an efficient means to improve the high-temperature stability and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C refractories. In this work, Al₂O₃-SiC powder was firstly synthesized from electroceramics waste by carbon embedded method at 1500°C, 1550°C, and 1600°C for 4 h, and then the as-synthesized Al₂O₃-SiC powder was used as an additive to low-carbon MgO-C refractories. The effects of its addition amounts of 0, 2.5 wt.%, 5.0 wt.%, and 7.5 wt.% on the properties of the refractories were investigated in detail. It was found that increasing the heat treatment temperature is beneficial to the phase conversion of mullite and quartz to alumina and silicon carbide in the electroceramics waste. Furthermore, the addition of Al₂O₃-SiC powder effectively improves the performance of low-carbon MgO-C samples, and the formation of spinel dense layer and high-viscosity isolation layer is the internal reason for the improvement of the oxidation resistance and slag resistance of low-carbon MgO-C samples. This work provides ideas for the reuse of electroceramics waste and presents an alternative strategy for the performance optimization of low-carbon MgO-C refractories.     

区域能源互联网信息物理建模及控制策略

大力发展低碳经济是解决能源危机、环境污染、温室效应等问题的有效途径之一。在分析区域分布式能源系统一般结构的基础上,提出冷热电联供下基于多智能体系统的区域能源互联网架构模型。结合元胞自动机理论,给出考虑冷热电协同控制的能源路由器设计方案。提出一种集中分散相融合的分布式协调控制策略。仿真算例验证了所提模型和控制策略的有效性。     

中国建筑低碳发展战略路径及对策研究

随着中国城镇化的快速发展及人们对建筑品质和舒适度的提高,中国建筑碳排放占全社会总排放量比例不断攀升,建筑低碳发展势在必行。总结欧盟、德国、美国推进建筑低碳发展的经验,结合中国建筑低碳发展现状,制定适合中国建筑低碳发展的路线图。并从合理控制城镇总体建设规模、加快能耗总量及碳排放量峰值出现、分类别分区域实现既定减排目标、推进建筑工业化智能化发展、推动技术革新和绿色服务产业发展、加强低碳生活方式引导等方面提出政策建议。     

石油型资源城市低碳发展路径研究

采用基于能源消费的碳排放和不同土地利用的碳承载能力计算石油型资源城市的生态赤字,并结合不同产业空间划分对8个石油型资源城市不同产业空间碳足迹进行测算。研完结果显示:(1)我国石油型资源城市现阶段的生产性土地面积远远不足以补偿碳足迹,生态赤字为1 957.39hm~2,相当于研究区域总面积的近3倍。(2)生态赤字总量最大的为东营,其次为大庆,总量最小的是玉门和任丘。而人均生态赤字较大的城市为东营和克拉玛依,最小的是茂名和濮阳。(3)不同产业空间碳足迹总量上,工业空间碳足迹最大,占碳足迹总量的48%:其次为生活、商业空间,占42%;其他空间碳足迹一共占到10%。因此,石油型资源城市短时期内应走"支柱产业广化深化"低碳发展路线,并在此基础上制定"渐去资源化"和"多元化"的长期低碳转型目标。