采用泡沫铜电极的热再生氨电池性能数值模拟

以采用泡沫铜电极的热再生氨电池（thermally regenerative ammonia-based battery，TRAB）为研究对象，建立了多孔介质内物质传输与电化学反应耦合的稳态模型，计算获得了电池性能及多孔电极内物质传输特性，并研究了电解质浓度和电极孔隙率对电池性能的影响。研究结果表明，从主流区界面到多孔电极内部，阳极氨和阴极铜离子浓度逐渐降低，存在一定的浓度梯度，而且随着反应电流的增大，浓度梯度明显增大。在一定的范围内分别增大阳极氨浓度和阴极铜离子浓度，从主流区向多孔电极内物质传输增强，电池性能均能不断提升；随着硫酸铵浓度的增大，电解质电导率增大，电池性能逐渐提升，但增幅逐渐减小。此外，多孔电极孔隙率也会影响电池性能，本研究中TRAB在电极孔隙率为0.6时获得最高的最大功率(15.3 mW)。     

Reference governors and maximal output admissible sets for linear periodic systems

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider the problem of constraint management in Linear Periodic (LP) systems using Reference Governors (RG). First, we introduce the periodic-invariant maximal output admissible sets for LP systems. We extend the earlier results in the literature to Lyapunov stable LP systems with output constraints, which arise in RG applications. We show that, while the invariant sets for these systems may not be finitely determined, a finitely-determined inner approximation, which is periodically invariant, can be obtained by constraint tightening. We then analyze the geometric and algebraic relationship between these sets and show that these sets are related via simple transformations, implying that it suffices to compute only one of them for real-time applications. This greatly reduces the memory burden of RG (or other similar constraint management strategies), at the expense of an increase in processing requirements. We present a thorough analysis of this trade-off. In the second part of this paper, we present two RG formulations, and discuss their properties and algorithms for their computation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.     

履带车辆软地通过性能指标的对比研究

本文将评价履带车辆软地通过性能的三个指标（名义接地压力、平均最大压力、挂钩牵引力）的优缺点和适用范围进行了分析比较，得出能够准确评价该性能的指标，有助于设计过程中总体参数的选择。     

钢筋混凝土桥梁受弯构件最大裂缝宽度的可靠度研究

基于结构可靠度理论和《公路钢筋混凝土及预应力钢筋混凝土桥涵设计规范》JTGD 62-2004关于最大裂缝宽度的规定,对钢筋混凝土桥梁受弯构件按正常使用极限状态设计的可靠度进行了计算分析,并对比研究了作用效应比、计算模式不定系数、钢筋弹性模量、配筋率、钢筋直径和截面尺寸等随机变量对最大裂缝宽度可靠指标的影响程度.研究表明:最大裂缝宽度计算公式的可靠度基本满足设计要求,可变作用与永久作用的效应比对最大裂缝宽度的可靠度影响很大,而其他因素对最大裂缝宽度的可靠度影响较小.     

最大稀疏稳健恒定束宽波束形成器设计

为了降低宽带阵列恒定束宽的实现复杂性,在分析宽带阵列稀疏性的基础上,构造了以阵元和抽头延迟线(TDL, tapped delay line)稀疏性的凸组合为目标函数,满足恒定束宽约束的波束形成器优化模型,降低了所需的阵元和TDL个数。引入重加权机制,通过序列凸优化,使稀疏性递增并收敛到最大值,证明了保证波束形成器稳健性的范数约束与最大TDL稀疏目标函数之间的等价性。仿真结果表明,可用较少的阵元及TDL个数获得相同的恒定束宽性能,具有工程实用价值。     

最大比合并接收系统在n-Rayleigh信道下的性能分析

在n-Rayleigh信道下,研究了MRC(Maximal Ratio Combining)合并接收系统的平均码字错误率(ASEP)性能。基于矩生成函数(MGF)的方法,推导了MRC接收系统在n-Rayleigh衰落信道上采用M进制相移键控(MPSK),M进制正交幅度调制(MQAM)和M进制脉冲幅度调制(MPAM)等几种M进制数字调制方式的ASEP的计算式。然后在不同条件下,仿真了系统的ASEP性能,仿真值与理论值相一致,理论分析的正确性得到了证明。分析结果表明:分集支路数和衰弱因子对系统的ASEP性能有重要影响。     

运用PSO算法的自递归RBF网络建模与应用

普通三层RBF网络已经是一种较好的神经网络，为了进一步提高RBF网络的性能，在普通三层RBF网络的基础上，构建出一种运用PSO算法的自递归RBF网络。学习算法采用以梯度学习算法配合PSO算法对参数进行调整。与采用动量-梯度学习算法，且为结构为三层的RBF网络相比，提的运用PSO算法的自递归RBF网络可以在神经元较少的情况下，具有更好的泛化能力、鲁棒性和准确性。最后通过仿真实验，对算法的有效性进行了验证。     

Effect of working position and cold environment on muscle activation level and fatigue in the upper limb during manual work tasks

Several occupational groups are exposed to periods of low ambient temperatures while performing manual work tasks outdoors. Work tasks typically include heavy lifting, tool handling, and overhead work. This study evaluated the effect of working position and cold environment on muscle activation level (%RMS_max) and fatigue in the upper limb during manual work tasks. Fourteen male participants (25 ± 3 years, 80.9 ± 6.4 kg, 182 ± 5 cm) completed a 2-h test protocol consisting of five test periods alternating with four work periods, wearing identical sets of clothing, under cold (−15 °C) and control (5 °C) conditions. The work periods consisted of manual work at the hip level, manual overhead work, and a lifting exercise. The test periods consisted of isometric maximal voluntary contractions (MVC) and seated rest. Skin temperatures decreased during cold exposure, especially in the extremities. %RMS_max in the forearm was higher in the cold condition both during overhead work and work at the hip level than that for the same work in the control condition, especially at the end of the test when the difference was approximately 25% (equating to 2–3 %RMS_max). For the middle deltoid muscle, the %RMS_max was approximately three times (or 10 %RMS_max) higher during overhead work than work at the hip level, but there was no additional cost of working in the cold. Signs of deltoid muscle fatigue (decrease in electromyography median power frequency and an increase in %RMS_max) were observed during the overhead work periods in both temperature conditions. No decrease in MVC, as a sign of overall muscle fatigue, was observed in either condition.Relevance to industryThis study demonstrated that when wearing suitable cold-weather protective clothing, the adverse effect of work posture is much higher than that of cold on muscle demand and physical strain.     

考虑主体心理行为的三边单向非循环稳定匹配

针对单向非循环偏好下的三边匹配问题,考虑主体的心理行为特征,提出一种三边单向非循环偏好序下的稳定匹配算法.首先,基于三边主体间单向非循环的偏好结构关系,给出三边单向非循环匹配及其稳定性的定义,构建基于最大基数和稳定匹配的数学模型;然后,考虑主体不完全接受性和有限妥协性的心理特征,提出有限妥协条件下的搜索优选稳定算法,并分别对算法的时间复杂度和输出方案的稳定性进行计算和证明;最后,通过一个实际应用算例验证所提出算法的可行性和有效性.     

IP地址和子网掩码的分析

对网络的IP地址和子网掩码,进行了深入的分析和探讨。