基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法

比喻是一种利用事物之间的相似点建立关系的修辞方式。明喻是比喻中最常见的形式,具有明显的喻词,例如"像",用于关联本体和喻体。近年来高考语文散文类鉴赏题中多有考查明喻句的试题,为了解答此类鉴赏题,需要识别比喻句中的本体和喻体要素。该文提出了基于词性特征的明喻识别及要素抽取方法。首先将句子中词向量化表示与词性特征向量化表示进行融合,将融合后的向量输入到BiLSTM中进行训练,然后利用CRF解码出全局最优标注序列;最后得到明喻识别和要素抽取的结果。公开数据集上的实验结果表明,该方法优于已有的单任务方法;同时也将该文方法应用于北京高考语文鉴赏题中比喻句的识别与要素抽取,验证了方法的可行性。     

Effects of timing of formative feedback in computer-assisted learning environments

This study examines the effects of timing of corrective formative feedback on processing text information on question-answering. Undergraduate students read an expository text and answered questions in two attempts. Students were randomly assigned to a no feedback, immediate feedback and delayed feedback conditions. Students in the feedback conditions received feedback on the correctness of their answer after the first attempt and were informed about the right answer after the second attempt. Students were prompted to restudy the text after failing in their first attempt. However, students in the no feedback condition were just prompted to search the text. All students were tested on question-answering, corrective probability and a post-test cued-recall test. Results showed that: (a) feedback reduced the initial time reading the text; (b) feedback increased performance on question answering and cued-recall; (c) delayed feedback produced no advantages over immediate feedback. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.     

天津电力公司供用电大厦方案设计

结合天津电力公司供用电大厦方案设计，强调在滨水地区建筑设计中应寻求建筑与环境的协调，寻求对自然环境因素的充分利用，突出滨水特点。     

校园环境的人文气息——南安一中校园中心环境设计

文章结合南安一中的修建性规划,阐述如何在规划过程中结合校园原有建筑的布局,划分合理的功能区;通过对校园环境的塑造,融合新旧建筑的差异,力争营造出具有传统园林特点的,富有人文气息的现代气质的学校。     

近代视角下的田园城市理论研究

民国时期,中国的市政学者对霍华德的田园城市理论进行了积极地引介和宣传,认为在中国进行田园城市的建设实践有重要的意义,并提出了一系列的实施计划,他们的市政理念也受到了明显的影响.然而,他们未能真正理解霍华德田园城市理论的思想精髓,忽略了当时中国的社会实际情况,而要进行田园城市建设的理想更是无法实现.     

建筑师成长与建筑设计市场变化之间的关系之思考

把中国建筑设计市场的变化和中国本土建筑师的成长联系起来,从哲学的角度去思考其中的内在关系,积极介入并了解建筑设计市场这一复杂系统与建筑师的主体性问题、创新理论的宏观指导性、市场全球化趋势下的中国建筑市场以及建筑创作的本土化定位等问题.本文尝试在综合理解马克思主义哲学的基础上,对中国建筑设计市场和建筑师的培养和成长之间关系进行理性的思考.     

江南私家园林中的隐喻

简单介绍了隐喻主义理论，从江南私家园林的园名、建筑、假山、水池和植被等方面分析了江南园林中的隐喻，归纳出江南园林隐喻的特点，指出隐喻很大程度上丰富了江南园林的文化内涵，对中国当代遣园有一定的借鉴作用。     

浅谈滨海城市道路设计探索与感悟

本文阐述了滨海城市道路设计的新理念、新思路、新经验,分析了在城市道路设计中,主张采用新工艺、新方法、新材料的观点,谈了笔者自身参与滨海城市道路设计的探索与感悟,并提出了有益见解。     

Bridge inspection named entity recognition via BERT and lexicon augmented machine reading comprehension neural model

As an important data source in the field of bridge management, bridge inspection reports contain large-scale fine-grained data, including information on bridge members and structural defects. However, due to insufficient research on automatic information extraction in this field, valuable bridge inspection information has not been fully utilized. Particularly, for Chinese bridge inspection entities, which involve domain-specific vocabularies and have obvious nesting characteristics, most of the existing named entity recognition (NER) solutions are not suitable. To address this problem, this paper proposes a novel lexicon augmented machine reading comprehension-based NER neural model for identifying flat and nested entities from Chinese bridge inspection text. The proposed model uses the bridge inspection text and predefined question queries as input to enhance the ability of contextual feature representation and to integrate prior knowledge. Based on the character-level features encoded by the pre-trained BERT model, bigram embeddings and weighted lexicon features are further combined into a context representation. Then, the bidirectional long short-term memory neural network is used to extract sequence features before predicting the spans of named entities. The proposed model is verified by the Chinese bridge inspection named entity corpus. The experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms other mainstream NER models on the bridge inspection corpus. The proposed model not only provides a basis for automatic bridge inspection information extraction but also supports the downstream tasks such as knowledge graph construction and question answering systems.