利用GPS定位信息遥感大气风场的研究

介绍了GPS测风系统的构成、GPS接收机的性能指标和从GPS定位信息反演大气风场的方法,GPS接收机的性能指标与反演的风场数据的精度和可靠性关系密切.为了验证GPS测风技术的可靠性,进行了和风廓线仪、Vaisala探空的对比实验,结果表明:GPS探空和风廓线仪及Vaisala气球测风的结果相关性都很好,风速、风向廓线较为接近,但GPS测得的风速平均值比风廓线仪和Vaisala的测量结果均偏大.进一步分析了GPS测风产生偏差的原因,对误差做出合理的订正十分必要.     

基于气象条件的巨菌草蒸散发动态研究

巨菌草是一种已经并将继续在中国干旱和半干旱地区广泛推广的草种,其蒸散发(ET)动态是目前关注较多但仍未解决的问题,制约了灌溉制度、节水途径和潜力、抗旱性能提升以及产量预测等相关主题的发展。基于盆栽控制试验,利用Si B2模型模拟和回归分析方法揭示了巨菌草蒸散发的主要过程及影响因素。结果表明:受气象因素的影响,巨菌草ET在0.5~6.9 mm/d的范围内波动。其中,ET季节动态与温度、日照时数和饱和水汽压差的关系呈先增后减的单峰关系;随相对湿度、短波辐射和净辐射的增大,ET分别线性降低、增大和增大;连续晴天和连续阴天条件下,ET日动态主要受短波辐射和净辐射的正相关影响。利用气象因素建立的多元回归关系,能够解释99%巨菌草ET的波动,总体误差为3.38±7.64 mm。     

Prediction of global solar irradiance based on time series analysis: Application to solar thermal power plants energy production planning

Due to strong increase of solar power generation, the predictions of incoming solar energy are acquiring more importance. Photovoltaic and solar thermal are the main sources of electricity generation from solar energy. In the case of solar thermal energy plants with storage energy system, its management and operation need reliable predictions of solar irradiance with the same temporal resolution as the temporal capacity of the back-up system. These plants can work like a conventional power plant and compete in the energy stock market avoiding intermittence in electricity production.This work presents a comparisons of statistical models based on time series applied to predict half daily values of global solar irradiance with a temporal horizon of 3 days. Half daily values consist of accumulated hourly global solar irradiance from solar raise to solar noon and from noon until dawn for each day. The dataset of ground solar radiation used belongs to stations of Spanish National Weather Service (AEMet). The models tested are autoregressive, neural networks and fuzzy logic models. Due to the fact that half daily solar irradiance time series is non-stationary, it has been necessary to transform it to two new stationary variables (clearness index and lost component) which are used as input of the predictive models. Improvement in terms of RMSD of the models essayed is compared against the model based on persistence. The validation process shows that all models essayed improve persistence. The best approach to forecast half daily values of solar irradiance is neural network models with lost component as input, except Lerida station where models based on clearness index have less uncertainty because this magnitude has a linear behaviour and it is easier to simulate by models.     

Auditory communication, meteorology and the Umwelt.

Animal communication is affected by a multitude of environmental factors including meteorological conditions, ground reflection, turbulence, and vegetative attenuation. Evolutionary and behavioral adaptations by animals to these challenges include elephant use of infrasound optimized for long-distance propagation. These adaptations in turn influence the perceptual sphere, or Umwelt, of calling animals. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

四川省应急移动气象台设计

针对四川省各种气象灾害及次生灾害的频发,提出了应急移动气象台的设计思路,以加强气象应急反应能力和指挥能力,应急移动气象台分为气象业务系统、综合保障系统、舱体与装载平台3个部分。灾害发生时,气象应急保障人员通过应急移动气象台,可以第一时间赶到灾害现场,利用综合保障系统和舱体与装载平台构建应急业务运行环境,并通过气象业务系统实现预报预警和应急指挥。应急移动气象台可以作为应急移动气象指挥系统的重要组成部分,是气象业务系统的有效延伸和重要支撑。     

基于GPRS的机场气象数据无线传输系统设计

基于GPRS的机场气象数据无线传输系统能够实现对机场气象数据的定时采集、实时传输和远程监控.阐明了系统的通信方式,硬件和软件构成.在VC＋＋环境下完成对数据服务中心DSC （DataService Center）和数据发送终端的编程.通过无线传输单元DTU（Data Terminal Unit）将采集的机场气象数据传输到DSC,验证了系统的实时性和稳定性.该系统为机场跑道除冰、雪奠定技术基础.     

气象条件对舰载火箭炮系统射击的影响与修正

以提高某型舰载火箭炮射击精度为出发点，探讨了气象参数对火箭炮射击精度的影响及火控解算修正方法，进一步提出了研制GPS目标指示弹和电视侦察弹以解决气象对射击精度影响的根本问题。     

北京市一次PM10污染过程模拟与气象诊断分析

采用MM5-CAMx耦合模式模拟和气象观测诊断相结合的方法对北京市一次PM10污染过程进行了综合分析.利用颗粒物来源识别(PSAT)技术模拟分析了华北地区各区域污染物排放对北京市PM10的贡献,模拟结果发现来自周边地区特别是河北、天津地区PM10的跨界输送是造成本次北京市PM10污染过程的主导原因.气象观测诊断分析发现本次PM10污染过程与区域气象因素的影响密切相关,同时发现PM10高质量浓度过程经历了2个阶段.第1个阶段为在西南风作用下污染物跨界输送造成了北京市PM10质量浓度的增高,诱发了北京市PM10污染的产生,第2个阶段为在均压场和弱低压作用下,北京市PM10本地排放的累积作用维持了PM10的高质量浓度,同时第2个阶段还伴随着东南风的输送,天津源对北京地区的输送也加强了北京市PM10的高质量浓度.     

清远市西南低涡型暴雨预报方法

通过对清远汛期西南低涡暴雨的天气学特征分析及该类型暴雨预报方法的探讨，应用欧洲中心数值预报、T213、grapes等产品，建立预报模型及相似预报等方法，建立客观的预报业务系统，应用于业务预报。     

福建省九仙山气象站防雷整改措施

福建省九仙山气象站地处高山,气候复杂,属偏高多雷区,各种雷击经常发生,经常造成气象设备的严重破坏.中国气象局拨专款进行防雷整改,并多次派领导专家亲临现场,指导解决讨论具体防雷措施.经过整改,效果很好,自动站等气象设备没有遭受雷击.本文对福建省九仙山气象站防雷整改的一些措施进行介绍,以供大家参考.