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Takeshi Nagata 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》2019,208(1-2):35-42
In this paper, we propose a multiagent‐based microgrid (MG) operation method considering charging and discharging electric vehicles (EVs). The proposed system consists of five types of agents: single microgrid controller agent, several load agents, several gas turbines/engine agents, several photovoltaic generation agents, and several electric vehicle agents. In the proposed method, the load balancing can be realized by suppressing sudden fluctuations in supply and demand balance due to the synchronization of charging and discharging of EVs. From the simulation results, it can be seen that the proposed multiagent system could realize the load equalization in MG. 相似文献
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Burak Yildirim 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(30):16481-16493
Nowadays, with the increase in the amount of power generation related to renewable energy resources, the need for energy storage and management is raised. In this regard, the hydrogen energy plays a critical role in the development of renewable technologies. In view of the above, advanced controller design is presented in this paper to effectively perform load frequency control of islanded fuel cell microgrid based on the wind turbine, photovoltaic, fuel cell, electrolyzer, battery energy storage systems, and residential and commercial loads. The controller design is based on the determination of the controller parameters that the fuel cell microgrid system will provide the desired dynamic properties. In the proposed controller design, virtual gain and phase margin testers are added to provide the desired dynamic properties. The controller's stable parameter plane is determined with the help of the stability boundary locus method, taking into account time delay, gain, and phase margin. First, the accuracy of the stable parameter plane determined for the proposed controller design is demonstrated by means of time domain and eigenvalue analyzes. Finally, in order to show the performance of the advanced controller design and the success of the fuel cell as a backup generator, analysis studies have been carried out using actual data of solar and wind, and appropriate changes of load in studied microgrid. 相似文献
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In this study, the impacts of non‐integer order controller on the stable parameter space of the microgrid (MG) frequency control system with fixed communication time delay are investigated and discussed with the help of the stability boundary locus (SBL) method. This study proposes a non‐integer order controller for the load frequency control (LFC) of the MG systems. To that end, the load frequency model of the MG is formulated and then the characteristic equations of this model are obtained. Then, with the help of this characteristic equation, the stable parameter space of the non‐integer controller is determined with regard to different time delay (τ ) and fractional integral order values (α ) using the SBL method. In order to show the accuracy of the obtained stable parameter space, time domain and generalized modified Mikhailov (GMM) criterion studies are carried out for different values of (τ ) and (α ). According to the results obtained, the areas of stable parameter space according to different α values and τ = 1.6 are calculated as 444.8860 for α = 0.4 , 342.9728 for α = 0.7 , 259.3578 for α = 1 , 216.2541 for α = 1.3 and 159.6826 for α = 1.6 . In addition, the areas of stable parameter space according to different τ values and α = 1.4 are calculated as 784.5222 for τ = 1 , 106.3219 for τ = 2 , 29.6959 for τ = 3 and 11.5946 for τ = 4 . Despite the extreme variability arising from nature of resources that make up the MG, the designed non integer order controller with the values selected within the stable parameter space stably carries out LFC control of the MG. 相似文献
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构建直流微网容错控制对象模型,调节直流微电网的输出回路参数;以输出功率、直流微网的 参考电压、弱电网下系统惯性响应特征等为约束参量,构建直流微网容错控制目标函数,在不同电网强度下 进行直流微网容错控制的参数自整定性调节,采用无功环比例积分控制方法进行直流微网容错寻优分析, 建立模糊 PID控制模型,采用变结构的模糊 PID控制方法进行直流微网容错控制过程中的自适应加权学习 和误差反馈调节,实现直流微网容错控制改进设计。仿真结果表明,采用该方法进行直流微网控制的容错 性能较好,输出稳定性较强,具有较好的直流微网输出增益。 相似文献
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DC microgrid is one feasible and effective solution to integrate renewable energy resources, as well as to supply reliable electricity. The control objective of DC microgrids is to obtain system stability, low voltage regulation and equal load sharing in per unit. The droop control is an effectively method adopted to implement the control of microgrids with multiple distributed energy units. However in the application of low-voltage DC microgrids, the nominal reference mismatch and unequal cable resistances require a trade-off to be made between voltage regulation and load sharing. In this paper, a unified compensation framework is proposed using the common load condition in local controller, to compensate the voltage drop and load sharing errors. The voltage deviation is compensated with a P controller while the load sharing is compensated through a PI controller. An additional low bandwidth communication is introduced to share the output current information, and the average output current in per unit is generated to represent the common load condition. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed and compared with basic droop control and hierarchical structure method. The large signal stability is analyzed to define the margin of compensation coefficients. Simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method. 相似文献
8.
《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2022,47(58):24421-24438
The desire of achieving carbon neutrality and the decarbonization objective is the key driver for the interest in green hydrogen for power plant generation as a clean and flexible energy carrier. In fact, the use of hydrogen-based generating plants as hydrogen fuel cells in solar microgrids plays a major role in the energy transition and adds more reliability to this type of microgrid. This study presents a hierarchical control level 1 and 2 of an islanded microgrid with green hydrogen production, storage, and re-electrification. The purpose of this article is to control a stand-alone/off-grid microgrid with renewable hydrogen storage-based non-dispatchable sustainable energy solutions. An energy management strategy was implemented and a primary and secondary control was applied in order to maintain the voltage and frequency of the islanded microgrid at their steady state values. 相似文献
9.
计及综合效益的虚拟同步化微电网二次调频策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为解决传统微电网调频策略过于依赖微电网中央控制器,响应速度慢,可靠性及经济性差等问题,该文在虚拟同步机控制技术及其调频特性的基础上,提出一种综合考虑电源虚拟同步机发电成本及负荷虚拟同步机用电收益的虚拟同步化微电网二次调频策略。该策略以微电网二次调频的综合效益为目标,通过源、荷、储虚拟同步机相邻控制器间的稀疏通信,采用分布式计算,得到虚拟同步变换器的有功参数最优参考值,从而实现了计及综合运行成本的频率最优调节。基于MATLAB/Simulink平台搭建了具有不同运行成本单元的虚拟同步化微电网模型,通过仿真及硬件在环实验,验证所提二次调频策略的有效性,与传统经济调频策略相比的优越性以及并网时对主网的频率支撑作用。 相似文献
10.
在采用由下垂或者虚拟同步机控制的逆变器构建的微网系统中,二次电压频率调节器参数优化是提高微网电压频率性能的关键。进行电压频率参数优化分析的前提是获取微网电压频率响应模型,但是由于微网系统结构复杂多样,系统内微源和负荷种类繁多,以及商业化电源广泛使用造成的电源模型难以获得等原因,给微网机理建模带来了很多困难。为解决上述问题,通过建立微网系统公共连接点电压频率响应模型结构,利用在微网中采样的运行数据以及系统辨识方法对模型中传递函数进行辨识,并利用辨识得到的模型对微网系统二次电压频率控制器进行参数优化。所提方法不仅可以在微网内部结构以及电源模型未知的情况下对微网进行建模,而且所建模型阶次低,便于调节器参数设计使用。最后,在微网实验平台上对所提方法的有效性进行了实验验证。 相似文献