Cognitive abilities,digital games and arithmetic performance enhancement: A study comparing the effects of a math game and paper exercises

Besides entertainment, games have shown to have the potential to impact a broader variety of cognitive abilities. Research has consistently shown that several aspects in cognition such as visual short-memory, multitasking and spatial skills can be enhanced by game play. In a previous study, it was found that playing Monkey Tales, a game aimed at training arithmetic skills, helped second grade pupils to increase their accuracy in mental calculation as compared to paper exercises. In this follow up study we explore whether traditional methods and game training differ in terms of the cognitive processes that both are able to impact. We incorporated standardized measures of working memory and visuo-motor skills. Additionally, the mathematics game was modified and its contents extracted to allow precise comparison between the gaming and paper exercises condition. Thus each single math exercise, type of question (e.g., multiple choice), quantity and order was perfectly matched in the game training and the traditional training conditions. Gains in arithmetical performance, and self-reported measures of enjoyment were also investigated. We found some evidence suggesting that arithmetic performance enhancement induced by game play and paper exercises differ not only in terms of enjoyment but also of working memory capacity improvements.     

协同作战能力简析

协同作战能力(CEC)是一种充分利用网络技术的新型海岸防空技术，给系统的作战能力带来了革命性的交破。本文对协同作战能力的产生、功能、组成以及未来的发展趋势作了详细的介绍，阐述了CEC系统的总体设计思想。在此基础上，将CEC系统与传统的作战系统的性能和设计思想在各方面进行了比较，交出了CEC系统各方面的优越性能。协同作战能力是现代和未来作战系统的发展方向，CEC系统的发展必将成为衡量各国国防科技现代化的重要指标。     

移动运营商手机游戏业务的战略定位和发展策略探讨

分析了韩国、日本及国内运营商手机游戏业务的发展状况．探讨了手机游戏业务的模式．论述了该业务的战略定位和市场前景。从地区提供给移动通信市场对外部环境、产业链的准备是否充分以及运营商内部的资源和运营状况等三个方面阐明了手机游戏业务发展的关键因素。     

Restoration of small lakes through cooperative management: A suitable strategy for poverty‐laden areas in developing countries?

Lake Rupa is a small, subtropical, shallow lake with a surface area of 100 ha situated 600 m a.s.l. in Central Himalaya, Nepal. This degraded lake was studied between 2000 and 2006, with the goal of determining whether or not it could be restored by a community‐based cooperative of local people living in its catchment. Main threats to the lake, its aquatic life and its very existence include encroachment by excessive aquatic vegetation, sedimentation, and low in‐lake concentrations of dissolved oxygen (DO). Small lakes (≤ 500 ha) are relatively prone to the process of ‘succession and climax’, although they also can be of social, environmental and ecological importance. Thus, their disappearance could spark social chaos and disorder in areas already having to cope with other rapid environmental changes. This means that credible mechanisms for revitalizing or protecting small lakes are an important goal. Accordingly, a lake cooperative of 329 households living in close vicinity to Lake Rupa was formed in 2002, by prioritizing traditional fishers, women and other deprived community members with the goals of respecting the citizenry and equity. Following the cooperative's campaigns directed at weed removal and fish stocking, encroachment of vegetation on the lake margins was halted, its aquatic weeds became under control, and its fisheries improved. In addition to the cooperative's restoration activities, several water quality parameters, including water transparency and DO and chlorophyll‐a concentrations, were monitored on a monthly basis. The measured water transparency was inconsistent, exhibiting large variations between 2000 and 2003. Relatively low, but consistent, values, however, were measured after 2004. The results imply that the removal of weeds, and sufficient nutrients and solar radiation are subsequently available to the lake's phytoplankton communities. Supporting this notion is that the chlorophyll‐a concentration spiked to 205 µg L⁻¹ in November 2006, the water transparency became consistent, and the DO concentration increased to >3.8 mg L⁻¹ during the critical months (March–May) after 2004. These water quality indicators indicated improvement in the degraded Lake Rupa, suggesting that the establishment of cooperatives such as that highlighted in this study could be a powerful and sustainable mechanism for restoring degraded lakes in similar socioeconomic settings by maintaining equity, by connecting communities with their resources, and by facilitating integrity, equity, citizenry and social justice.     

一种适合协同工作系统的安全认证方案

针对网络化协同工作系统的安全认证需求，综合应用Kerberos协议、X．509证书和口令认证技术，借鉴PKI的思想，设计了一种适合网络化协同工作系统的灵活而易于扩展的安全认证方案。这个方案能够保证证书的安全分发，满足网络化协同工作系统对分散、动态的用户安全身份认证的要求。     

A survey of CSCW systems

Over the last decade, computer supported cooperative work (CSCW) has emerged as an identifiable research area that focuses on the role of the computer in group work. CSCW is a generic term which combines the understanding of the nature of group working with the enabling technologies of computer networking, systems support and applications. The paper examines the classes of system which have emerged to support cooperative working. A framework for characterising and describing CSCW systems is presented and four major classes of cooperative system identified. Each of these classes of cooperative system are examined highlighting their general characteristics and applicability to CSCW.     

适用于实时协同编著系统的并发控制研究

实时协同编著系统是最受欢迎的实时ＣＳＣＷ应用系统之一，适用于实时协同编著系统的并发控制用于解决参与协同工作用户对共享对象操作时存在的冲突问题。本文对这种新的并发控制与适用于分布式数据库系统等的传统并发控制进行了比较，讨论了一些适用于实时协同编著系统并发控制方法的新评价参数，分析了传统并发控制方法应用到实时协同编著系统时所遇到的问题。最后，我们介绍了一些文献中已有原型系统所使用的并发控制方法。     

IPTV助推数字家庭时代的到来

不同行业都在关注数字家庭的发展，但数字家庭发展缓慢的现状不容忽视。现阶段来看通信和媒体娱乐业务是数字家庭市场需求的重点，基于电信网络的数字家庭通过借助IPTV的音视频和增值应用业务可以顺应此要求。IPTV业务包括基本的音视频广播、点播、时移业务，以及信息服务、音视频通信、互动游戏、即时通讯、卡拉OK、远程教育等增值应用服务，非常适合数字家庭的发展需要，将使数字家庭的应用变得更为现实。未来，进一步推动数字家庭发展需要在易用性和业务创新两个方面取得突破，需要通过设备间的协同工作，为用户提供基于数据、语音、视频的三重业务新体验。     

从供应商受益角度研究国际供应链合作关系

首先指出从供应商受益角度对国际供应链合作关系进行研究的重要意义，接着对国际供应链合作关系的起源及其概念界定进行了综合分析；其次对国际供应链战略伙伴关系下的供应商受益进行了相关研究结论的综合，并对我国供应商参与国际供应链合作的实际受益进行分析，然后将两者进行了比较，最后综合全文探讨得出本文研究的结论。