基于组合双向拍卖的云资源调度方法

针对跨数据中心的资源调度问题，提出了一种基于组合双向拍卖（PCDA）的资源调度方案。首先，将云资源拍卖分为三个部分：云用户代理报价、云资源提供商要价、拍卖代理组织拍卖；其次，在定义用户的优先级及任务紧迫度的基础上，在拍卖过程中估算每一个工作发生的服务等级协议（SLA）违规并以此计算云提供商的收益，同时每轮竞拍允许成交多项交易；最终达到根据用户等级合理分配云资源调度的效果。仿真实验结果表明该算法保证了竞拍成功率，与传统一次拍卖成交一项的组合双向拍卖方案相比，PCDA在竞拍时间段产生的能耗降低了35.00%，拍卖云提供商的利润提高了约38.84%。     

Quantum computation based bundling optimization for combinatorial auction in freight service procurements

Combinatorial auction is a useful trade manner for transportation service procurements in e-marketplaces. To enhance the competition of combinatorial auction, a novel auction mechanism of two-round bidding with bundling optimization is proposed. As the recommended the auction mechanism, the shipper/auctioneer integrates the objects into several bundles based on the bidding results of first round auction. Then, carriers/bidders bid for the object bundles in second round. The bundling optimization is described as a multi-objective model with two criteria on price complementation and combination consistency. A Quantum Evolutionary Algorithm (QEA) with β-based rotation gate and the encoding scheme based on non-zero elements in complementary coefficient matrix is developed for the model solution. Comparing with a Contrast Genetic Algorithm, QEA can achieve better computational performances for small and middle size problems.     

Electricity supply auctions: Understanding the consequences of the product definition

We study the impact of product definition in electricity auctions. Recognizing the key role of the auction rules—pay as bid, uniform—the definition of the product itself emerges also as a critical step. Poorly designed products may impact both the market performance and the physical operation of the system. We investigate the impacts that the product definition can have on the market outcomes. A product definition implemented in some electricity markets is used to unveil critical aspects that must be considered when electricity products are defined. Our results provide guidelines for improving the product definition in electricity auctions.     

不确定信息下基于拍卖算法的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标

针对不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达攻击多目标的控制策略问题,将拍卖算法和区间一致性算法相结合,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法。首先通过拍卖算法,给出了多无人机对多目标的任务分配方法;然后定义了区间一致性算法,提出了不确定信息下的多无人机同时到达的控制方法,实现了多无人机到达多目标的时间上趋于一致;最后进行仿真,验证了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

Health parameters and their association with price in young calves sold at auction for veal operations in Québec,Canada

The veal calf industry in Québec depends on young calves' availability at auction. Most of these calves come from dairy farms. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to determine the effect of clinical anomalies and other calf characteristics on their sale price. A total of 3,820 calves from 5 different auctions were included in this observational study. The calves were examined by a veterinarian on arrival at the auction and screened for umbilical anomalies, the presence of nasal or eye discharge, joint abnormality, diarrhea, appearance of neonatal characteristics (compatible with age less than 1 wk), and general health status mainly based on the presence of depression and dehydration. The final multivariable model included 5 different variables (calf weight, sex, breed, abnormal joints, and general health status) and the interaction between sex and general health status. The presence of abnormal joints and unhealthy characteristics was negatively associated with standardized price. Female calves and mixed breed beef calves were positively associated with standardized price. Finally, the calves' weight was associated with standardized price in a quadratic fashion. Ongoing or previous diarrhea had no effects on standardized price. This study will be helpful for both dairy and veal producers for improving the quality of calves sold to the Québec auction market.     

LBAS: An effective pricing mechanism towards video migration in cloud-assisted VoD system

Migrating video instances to cloud to form a cloud-assisted VoD system is an efficient way to solve the problem of increasing costs in the traditional VoD system. In this paper, we focus on further decreasing the costs in this system. We propose a pricing mechanism named LBAS to allocate video instances from VoD provider’s local servers to cloud platforms. First, a pricing algorithm which conforms to the principle of market is presented to determine the price of each video instance. Then, an auction algorithm which is based on low bid and replaceable instances is proposed to determine the allocation and payment of video instances. At last, in order to avoid the collusion among bidders in low-bid auction, the AEM algorithm is improved. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed mechanism makes the VoD provider decrease 10% of the costs compared with the VMC strategy.     

Associations between the general condition of culled dairy cows and selling price at Ontario auction markets

Dairy cows are culled from the herd for a variety of reasons, the most common being fertility problems, low milk production, or udder problems. Disease and injury can contribute to the decision to cull either directly, or indirectly, by causing fertility or production problems, leading to culling. Disease or injury may also affect the cow's ability to handle the stress of transportation and may increase the risk for reduced welfare. The purpose of this study was to determine the general condition of culled dairy cows sold at Ontario auction markets, to quantify the frequency of culled cows in poor condition sold at these auctions, and to determine how this relates to the sale price of the cow. Data were collected on 4,460 culled dairy cows, sold at 3 Ontario auction markets, over a continuous 16-wk study period. Observers assessed the general condition of dairy cows entering the sales ring by recording each individual cow's hock injury score, body condition score (BCS), gait score, and tail score, in accordance with 2017 Canadian proAction Animal Care guidelines. Each cow's body weight, breed, and sale price were also recorded. Results showed that 27.2% of culled cows scored had unacceptable hock injuries, 40.5% had a BCS ≤2, 72.7% had an abnormal gait, and 12.5% had docked tails. Culled cows with a BCS ≤2 sold for $0.20 less/kg compared with those with a BCS >2, which equated to an overall average loss of $117 per cow. Cows with an abnormal gait sold for $0.05 less/kg compared with culled cows with a normal gait, which equated to an overall average loss of $32.45 per cow. There was no difference in the sale price depending on hock injury score or the presence or absence of a full tail. The main issues identified in this study were the high prevalence of low body condition and abnormal gait, indicating that the welfare of these cows may be at risk. Additionally, cows with low BCS or abnormal gait sold for a lower price compared with cows that were in good condition, leading to reduced potential profit for the producer.     

基于双边拍卖模型的易变质品供应链协作研究

以交易信用为协调激励机制,分析了完全信息及双边不完全信息时,持续变质的易变质品供应链的协调问题.在交易信用激励机制下,供应商通过允许下游企业延迟支付贷款而激励其提高采购批量,进而实现供应链的协调.在信息对称时,通过分析双方的个人理性约束而给出交易信用长度的取值范围;当双方对彼此的资金成本存在双边信息不完全时,通过构建双边拍卖模型给出各方的最优报价策略以及均衡的交易信用长度.最后的算例验证了文章的结论.     

一种激励相容的发电权交易双边拍卖机制

基于拍卖机制设计理论，针对多个发电权出让方及多个发电权受让方参与的发电权交易市场，提出了一种激励相容的双边拍卖机制。首先描述了发电权双边拍卖交易过程，然后建立了考虑交易成本损耗的数学模型，并在该模型的基础上提出了一种双边拍卖机制，该机制对所有风险规避的发电权出让方及发电权受让方是激励相容和个体理性的，且在该机制下整个系统是弱预算平衡的。算例分析表明所述机制富有效率。