Seismic risk analysis for reinforced concrete structures with both random and parallelepiped convex variables

This article develops an improved seismic risk assessment formulation exhibiting both random and bounded uncertainties using a probability and parallelepiped convex set mixed model. Limit thresholds for different types of components are described via a probabilistic model. The distribution parameters of limit thresholds are originally treated by employing a multidimensional parallelepiped convex model, in which marginal intervals are utilised to represent scattering levels for the distribution parameters, while relevant angle are employed to express the correlation between uncertain distribution parameters. The structural responses, i.e., engineering demand parameters (EDPs), are considered as correlated random variables and are assumed to follow a multidimensional lognormal distribution. A performance limit state function, which allows considering the relationship between the EDPs and the corresponding limit thresholds, is employed to reflect the coexistence of both random and parallelepiped convex variables. The limit state function is mapped into the standard parameter space via a transformation technique. Then, the improved seismic risk formulation, characterised through a probability and parallelepiped convex mixed variables, can be derived with the combination of the seismic fragility function and the ground motion hazard curve. The main purpose is to illustrate that the performance limit states should be properly modeled as random and parallelepiped convex mixed variables rather than only random or deterministic quantities. A six-story reinforced concrete building designed according to Chinese codes are used to illustrate the proposed approach for constructing hazard curves. The interstory drift and the peak floor acceleration are the selected EDPs, calculated through incremental dynamic analysis. The results demonstrate that the calculated failure probabilities for different limit states in 50?years are found capable of meeting the requirements of Chinese seismic norms after the proposed seismic risk formulation is adopted.     

Multilayer Multidi mensional Extension Set Theory

In order to study the rules and methods of con-tradiction problem-solving, a pri mary theory systemthat is called extensiontheoryis established[1 ,2],anda matter element dynamic systemtheoryisfurther es-tablished[3 -6]. Matter element theory and extension…     

基于终端的感知技术浅析

简单介绍了智能管道的产生背景,对智能管道的多维感知技术进行了详细分析,从终端入手研究了基于终端可实现的智能管道感知技术,并提出了相应的解决方案,指出基于终端的感知技术解决方案将助推智能管道的实现,最后分析了基于终端的智能管道感知技术解决方案在实现上面临的困难和挑战,为智能管道技术的进一步研究及其实际部署进行了有益探索.     

岩质边坡稳定性评估的多维云模型

为了准确地评估岩质边坡的稳定性等级，针对边坡稳定性受众多评价因素影响，具有较强的随机性和模糊性特点，提出运用多维云模型理论，进行岩质边坡稳定性等级评估。从地形地貌、岩体环境特征、人工开挖、地震及气象水文5个大指标出发，选取14个因素作为岩质边坡稳定性等级评判指标。基于云理论，采用指标近似法得出云模型数字特征，综合各评判指标的相关度和信息量，结合改进CRITIC法确定评判指标权重，生成岩质坡稳定性等级评估的多维云模型。运用该模型，输入重钢集团西昌太和铁矿中的8组岩质边坡的指标实测值得到隶属于各标准边坡稳定性等级的综合确定度，依据最大确定度原则确定边坡稳定性等级。并将评估结果并与一维云模型、模糊评判法、CSMR法以及边坡的实际状态进行比对。结果表明，多维云模型应用于岩质边坡稳定性评估中更加高效，且准确度较高。     

Transient safety evaluation of the heat pipe microreactor – Potential energy source for hydrogen production

Recently, microreactor designs have been receiving significant attention in the nuclear industry due to their potential advantages in certain applications. These nuclear reactor designs have been considered to provide reliable and sustainable power for on-site installation and operation. Microreactors may be utilized to provide heat and power to hydrogen production, remote communities, and industrial facilities such as military installations, disaster relief zones, and are being considered for underwater and deep space operation as well. However, these designs and concepts remain largely untested and unproven in the commercial industry. Further research and development are still required to prove microreactor designs are safe and reliable for commercial use. Different cooling technologies have been taken into consideration for microreactor concepts since the 1960s, mainly for federal space reactor projects such as LEGOLRCS, HOMER, and KRUSTY. This work provides thermal hydraulics and analysis for the Idaho National Laboratory's MAGNET (Micro-reactor Agile Non-nuclear Experimental Testbed) facility. The MAGNET facility is currently being developed to duplicate a microreactor design using heat pipe cooling technology. Our main goal is to examine the response of the test facility under steady-state and transient operation conditions. We constructed our own estimated model of the MAGNET geometry using a software coupling method made up of MOOSE/SAM software systems. The steady state results of this work have been published in a former article. The new results mainly focus on the transient states. By communicating with the Idaho National Laboratories, we upgraded the geometry of MAGNET heat pipes. This not only verifies the design of the facility under such conditions but also benchmarks the modeling capability of the MOOSE/SAM code system that can be potentially used to model other microreactor concepts in the future.     

Lake management organizations in China

The paper analyses the range of lake management organizations (LMOs) established in China and proposes management recommendations for different lake types and contexts. Based on functions, regional coverage and sectoral focus, nine LMO patterns are identified, ranging from existing agency approaches in which there is no specific lake focus or institutional responsibility to comprehensive and powerful lake basin authorities. LMO development in China faces many challenges, including a preoccupation with organizational form rather than function and objectives, duplication with existing agency functions, and insufficient lake basin management and trans-jurisdictional coordination. We therefore propose that LMOs should be tailored to specific situations and problems, drawing distinctions between plateau, urban, plain, inland and wetland lakes as well as other contexts.     

A globally convergent trust region multidimensional filter SQP algorithm for nonlinear programming

We propose a trust region multidimensional filter SQP algorithm. The multidimensional filter technique proposed by Gould et al. [SIAM J. Optim., 15 (2005), pp. 17–38] is extended to solve constrained optimization problems. The constraints are partitioned into p parts. The entry of our filter consists of these different parts. Not only the criteria for accepting a trial step would be relaxed, but also the individual behaviour of each part of the constraints is considered. The filter's entries and the acceptance criteria are different from other filter-related algorithms in the literature. It should be noted that the undesirable link between the objective function and the constraint violation function in the filter acceptance criteria disappears. Our algorithm is also combined with the non-monotone technique for accepting a trial step, which leads to a more flexible acceptance criteria. Under mild conditions, global convergence is proved. Numerical results show the robustness and efficiency of our algorithm.     

Application of homotopy perturbation method to multidimensional partial differential equations

In this paper, an application of homotopy perturbation method (HPM) is applied to solve the kindly of multidimensional partial differential equation such as Helmholtz equation. Comparisons are made between the Adomians decomposition method and HPM. The results reveal that the HPM is very effective and simple and gives the exact solution.     

A new approach for data partitioning through high dimensional model representation

A multivariate function f(x ₁, …, x _N ) can be evaluated via interpolation if its values are given at a finite number nodes of a hyperprismatic grid in the space of independent variables x ₁, x ₂, …, x _N . Interpolation is a way to characterize an infinite data structure (function) by a finite number of data approximately. Hence it leaves an infinite arbitrariness unless a mathematical structure with finite number of flexibilities is imposed for the unknown function. Imposed structure has finite dimensionality. When the dimensionality increases unboundedly, the complexities grow rapidly in the standard methods. The main purpose here is to partition the given multivariate data into a set of low-variate data by using high dimensional model representation (HDMR) and then, to interpolate each individual data in the set via Lagrange interpolation formula. As a result, computational complexity of the given problem and needed CPU time to obtain the results through a series of programs in computers decrease.     

基于多维约束的食品包装设计

通过分析与研究,提出食品包装的多维约束设计模型,阐明其区别于传统包装设计的优势。并从需求约束、目标约束、资源约束3个维度构建食品包装多维约束设计模型。通过研究用户需求、市场需求、甲方要求、资源限制等,得到相关约束条件下对应的不同设计映射域。从而明确食品包装设计中色彩、图形、规格、风格、文化等要素,最终完成设计。通过乾州挂面包装设计的实际案例验证了方法和模型的可行性。