Design and fabrication of non‐noble metal catalyst‐based air‐cathodes for metal‐air battery

In this paper, cost‐effective non‐noble metal catalyst‐based air‐cathodes are designed, developed, and fabricated for a metal‐air battery, particularly in a non‐toxic neutral solution environment (sodium chloride). The air‐cathode and its fabrication method comprise two gas diffusion layers (GDLs) bonded on to each side of the current collector (nickel mesh) by a rolling method, and a catalyst layer bonded on one GDL by a spraying method. The GDL paste consists of carbon powder and hydrophobic chemicals, and the catalyst layer contains non‐noble metal catalyst, carbon powder, and hydrophilic chemicals. Several characterization techniques such as DTA/TG thermal analysis, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear sweep voltammetry, and their associated theories are used to understand the properties and performance of the developed air‐cathodes. The advantages of the current method of forming the air‐cathode can decrease the internal electronic resistance and gas flow restriction of the system, and therefore increase air permeability as well as water transportation to the reaction sites. By using such an integrated structure of an air diffusion cathode, the cost‐effectiveness in terms of materials and manufacturing compared to the commercial air‐cathode, and the overall fabrication procedure is achieved, and the method can be easily transferred into a continuous industrial manufacturing process.     

酶联合挤压豌豆蛋白肽的分离工艺

本文旨在应用响应曲面实验设计优化酶联合挤压豌豆蛋白酶解条件,以期得到最优的抗氧化肽和准确的酶解预测模型,并分离得到具有高自由基清除率的豌豆蛋白抗氧化肽。以含水量为30%的豌豆蛋为原料,以O_2~-.清除率为评价指标,利用响应曲面设计优化中性蛋白酶挤出物的酶解条件,得出酶解最佳条件为:加酶量12.23%、温度40.23℃、pH 6.99、底物浓度6.92%。在此条件下,O_2~-.清除率为75.93%。采用透析和高效液相相结合的方法,对酶解产物进行分离及分子量的确定。分离得到小于1 ku、1~3.5 ku、3.5~7 ku和大于7 ku的酶解液。经测定发现分子量小于1 ku的酶解液抗氧化活性最强,达78.31%,其分子量集中在200~800 u左右,为2~8肽。经验证,所建模型预测准确可靠,酶解产物抗氧化性高,可为相关生产和工艺产品开发提供参考价值。透析可显著提高肽的自由基清除率。     

Evolution on neutral networks accelerates the ticking rate of the molecular clock

Large sets of genotypes give rise to the same phenotype, because phenotypic expression is highly redundant. Accordingly, a population can accept mutations without altering its phenotype, as long as the genotype mutates into another one on the same set. By linking every pair of genotypes that are mutually accessible through mutation, genotypes organize themselves into neutral networks (NNs). These networks are known to be heterogeneous and assortative, and these properties affect the evolutionary dynamics of the population. By studying the dynamics of populations on NNs with arbitrary topology, we analyse the effect of assortativity, of NN (phenotype) fitness and of network size. We find that the probability that the population leaves the network is smaller the longer the time spent on it. This progressive ‘phenotypic entrapment’ entails a systematic increase in the overdispersion of the process with time and an acceleration in the fixation rate of neutral mutations. We also quantify the variation of these effects with the size of the phenotype and with its fitness relative to that of neighbouring alternatives.     

Asymptotic stability of general linear methods for systems of linear neutral delay differential-algebraic equations

This paper is concerned with numerical stability of general linear methods (GLMs) for a system of linear neutral delay differential-algebraic equations. A sufficient and necessary condition for asymptotic stability of GLMs solving such system is derived. Based on this main result, we further investigate the asymptotic stability of linear multistep methods, Runge–Kutta methods, and block θ-methods, respectively. Numerical experiments confirm our theoretical result.     

削减桩基负摩阻力的室内模拟试验

为探明桩基混凝土不同涂料对桩基负摩阻力的削减效果,通过大型剪切试验,以塑限18%的黏性土为试验土,着重研究了试验土含水率变化以及桩基混凝土侧面不同涂料对桩基负摩阻力的影响。结果表明,当黏性土含水率略大于塑限时,桩基负摩阻力的削减效果较好,此时在混凝土表面涂石蜡机油混合物、聚合物纳米材料或者油漆产生的削减效果基本一致;当黏性土含水率与塑限含水率相差较大时,采用石蜡机油混合物作为桩侧混凝土涂料对于桩基负摩阻力的削减效果最佳;可通过不同方式对中性点位置进行确定并采用不同适用条件下涂料对桩基负摩阻力进行削减。     

Bimetallic CuCo2S4 Nanozymes with Enhanced Peroxidase Activity at Neutral pH for Combating Burn Infections

Peroxidase-mimicking nanozymes that can generate toxic hydroxyl radicals (^.OH) hold great promise as antibacterial alternatives. However, most of them display optimal performance under strongly acidic conditions (pH 3–4), and are thus not feasible for many medical uses, including burn infections with a wound pH close to neutral. Herein, we report a copper-based nanozyme (CuCo₂S₄) that exhibits intrinsic peroxidase-like activity and can convert H₂O₂ into ^.OH at neutral pH. In particular, bimetallic CuCo₂S₄ nanoparticles (NPs) exhibited enhanced peroxidase-like activity and antibacterial capacity, superior to that of the corresponding monometallic CuS and CoS NPs. The CuCo₂S₄ nanozymes possessed excellent ability to kill various bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Furthermore, this CuCo₂S₄ nanozymes could effectively disrupt MRSA biofilms in vitro and accelerate MRSA-infected burn healing in vivo. This work provides a new peroxidase mimic to combat bacteria in neutral pH milieu and this CuCo₂S₄ nanozyme could be a promising antibacterial agent for the treatment of burn infections.     

300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及机制

摘要：为了研究300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀行为及腐蚀机制，采用失重法，宏观、微观腐蚀形貌分析，三维表面轮廓分析及电化学分析的研究方法，来表征腐蚀实验现象并进行分析。结果表明：300M超高强钢在中性盐雾环境中的腐蚀产物为FeOOH、Fe2O3、Fe(OH)3和Fe3O4；腐蚀速率随着腐蚀时间逐渐降低，腐蚀后期（72h）腐蚀速率降低50%；腐蚀初期以点蚀为主，点蚀坑通过横向扩展，逐渐发展为后期的均匀腐蚀，腐蚀表面形貌呈沟壑状；外腐蚀层对基体的保护能力很弱，Cr元素在锈层靠近基体的一侧偏聚使内腐蚀层具有一定的抗腐蚀性。     

热镀锌渣中浸渣硫酸浸出锌的工艺研究

以锌含量为17.22%的热镀锌渣中浸渣为原料,在水热反应釜中以硫酸为浸出剂浸出其中锌。结果表明,最佳浸出条件为: 硫酸体积浓度15%、浸出温度180 ℃、液固比6∶1、浸出时间8 h,此条件下锌浸出率可达到99.71%; 浸渣主要成分为硫酸铝盐和硫酸钙。     

芜菁中性多糖降血糖作用研究的初步探讨

目的 初步探讨芜菁中性多糖对糖尿病大鼠的降血糖作用。方法 选取造模成功的SD大鼠,随机分为6组,分别为空白组、模型组、阳性对照组(0.20 g/kg)以及芜菁中性多糖高剂量组(0.20 g/kg)、中剂量组 (0.10 g/kg)、低剂量组(0.05 g/kg)。连续灌胃4周, 空白组喂养普通饲料, 其余组喂养高脂高糖饲料, 每周测一次体重与空腹血糖, 测定各组大鼠口服葡萄糖0、30、60、120 min后的血糖值, 计算曲线下面积(area under curve, AUC), 测定肝糖原含量。结果 芜菁中性多糖高、中、低剂量可明显改善STZ与高糖饲料所致糖尿病大鼠的糖代谢功能(P<0.05或P<0.01), 显著降低模型大鼠血糖(P<0.05), 多饮多尿症状明显改善, 可显著增加大鼠的糖耐量(oral glucose tolemnce, OGT) (P<0.01)。结论 芜菁中性多糖对糖尿病模型有降血糖作用, 高剂量组降血糖效果略强于中、低剂量组。