异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制——基于能源消费结构的调节作用

为探讨能源消费结构调节下异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的影响机制，论文利用SBM方向距离函数测得全国各省市“经济-资源-环境-社会”四位一体的绿色全要素生产率，并将环境规制工具分为命令控制型、经济激励型、治理投入型和公众参与型4类，构建了空间杜宾模型以及门槛效应模型，进而得出在能源消费结构调节下，异质性环境规制对绿色全要素生产率的直接作用、间接作用以及空间溢出效应。研究结果表明：1）经济激励型和公众参与型环境规制通过调节能源消费结构对当地和邻地的绿色全要素生产率产生影响；2）在门槛检验方面，能源消费结构对命令控制型、经济激励型和公众参与型环境规制影响绿色全要素生产率存在门槛效应，同时在能源消费结构调节下，命令控制型和经济激励型环境规制对其本身对绿色全要素生产率的间接作用存在门槛效应。建议政府在制定环境规制时要考虑到其与能源消费结构的交互作用，并且在不同能源消费水平地区采用适宜的规制方法和强度，以更好地发挥环境规制作用。     

An effective method of bulk materials moisture measurement using capacitive sensors

When we speak about capacitance moisture meters for bulk materials we have to face with different values of dielectric permittivity for different bulk materials in dehydrated state, what causes a method error that can be named ‘type uncertainty’. Besides, different varieties of the same material have different values of dielectric permittivity, which depend from geographical origin, processing conditions etc. It can be hardly predicted automatically and type uncertainty can be compensated only in separate situations with the help of preliminary calibration. Main tasks of the research are to develop new comparison principle of moisture measurement with better accuracy due to effective compensation of physical, chemical and granulometric composition influence on the result of moisture measurement, develop new primary and secondary instrument transducers. Moisture sensor consists of four measuring capacitors. Two of them should be filled with a sample, which moisture content should be determined, and other pair of measuring capacitors should be filled with a same substance, but previously dehydrated. Mathematical models, developed to take into account granulometric composition of a bulk material were used to carry out a comparison analysis for three types of instrument measuring transducers. Obtained results proved that suggested principle of moisture measurement provides effective compensation of granulometric composition influence. Developed measuring principle had been experimentally tested what helped to confirm that it provides two times better compensation of different physical and chemical composition for different materials in comparison with the direct comparison method.     

基于SolidWorks和三坐标测量仪的螺杆转子精滚刀建模与检测方法

介绍了基于SolidWorks软件的螺杆转子精加工滚刀的一种精确建模方法和利用该模型对滚刀的关键工序进行模拟验证的方法,同时介绍了在三坐标测量仪上利用螺杆转子精滚刀模型和曲线功能对螺杆转子精滚刀齿形进行检测的方法。     

机械工厂三坐标测量室的设计探讨

对三坐标测量机(CMM)的分类和结构形式进行分析,围绕三坐标测量室设计中的选址、起吊方式、暖通空调、地坪、隔振、照明等问题进行探讨.结合设计实践,重点针对待测工件的起吊运输方式,给出相应的解决方案,并分析了各种方案的优缺点.     

Analytical modeling of complex contact behavior between rock mass and lining structure

Based on the nondestructive test data of operating railway tunnels in China, this paper summarizes the basic characteristics of the complex contact behavior between the rock mass and lining structure. The contact modes are classified into dense contact, local non-contact, and loose contact. Subsequently, the corresponding mechanical model for each contact mode is developed according to its mechanical characteristics using the complex variable method. In the proposed mechanical model, a special algorithm is introduced to detect whether the local non-contact zone is re-contacted. Besides, a novel conformal mapping method is also proposed to accurately calculate the mechanical response of the concrete lining. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is verified by comparing it with the finite element method (FEM). Several parameter investigations are conducted to analyze the effects of different contact modes on the rock–lining interaction. The results show that: (i) the height of the local non-contact area does not have a significant effect on the contact stress distribution if no re-contact occurs; (ii) backfill grouting can reduce the local stress concentration caused by poor contact modes; and (iii) reducing the friction coefficient of the interface can lead to a more uniform distribution of internal forces in the concrete lining.     

全自动影像测量仪中双相机精确定位方法研究

为了实现影像测量仪双相机的精确定位,以满足批量多种类零件自动化测量需求。在现有的影像测量仪上引入由大视野相机构成的视觉引导模块,文中以改进后的影像测量仪为平台,利用大视野相机得到标定板的角点位置信息,结合小视野相机获得的实际位置信息,通过仿射变换建立两者之间的坐标转换关系,确定双相机之间的位置关系,实现双相机之间的相互精确定位。定位实验结果表明了文章所提方法的有效性,相对于传统定位方法其定位精度提高了16%,能够满足批量多种类零件自动化测量的需求,为后续的自动测量工作奠定了基础。     

基于二维活码的计量仪器设备管理系统的应用

针对目前计量仪器设备信息种类多、数据量大、设备检定及维护任务重、管理信息化水平较低等问题,结合质量计量监督检测部门所处具体环境,设计基于二维活码技术的计量仪器设备管理系统,本文分别从系统功能、组成、开发技术应用效果等方面进行论述,该系统能有效地提高了相关人员的工作效率,为各检测机构的设备管理工作提供了可借鉴模式。     

基于人脸视频的心率参数提取

为了在舒适非接触环境下检测被试者的心率变化,本文设计了一种通过普通摄像头来检测心率参数的信号处理系统。首先,将KLT(Kanade-Lucas-Tomasi)算法跟踪识别到的人脸视频图像转换到YCbCr颜色空间来进行皮肤检测,并同时转换到Cg颜色通道来提取高质量的光电容积脉搏波(Photoplethysmography, PPG)信号。然后,用Morlet复小波作为母波绘制PPG信号的小波能量谱图。最后根据心率信号的生理特性,去除伪点噪声,提取随时间变化的心率参数。实验结果表明,该方法在静息状态下的测量结果同标准仪器测量结果的平均绝对值误差|M_e|小于2 bpm(beats per minute),误差的标准差SD_e小于2.5 bpm,RMSE均小于2.6 bpm;头部运动状态下两种测量方法的|M_e|均小于2.3 bpm,SD_e均小于2.9 bpm,RMSE均小于2.9 bpm。对两种测量方法进行Bland-Altman一致性分析,其测量结果显示静息状态下差值的均数■为0.295 7 bpm,95%置信区间为-3.340 1~3.931 4 bpm;头部运动状态下■为0.383 2 bpm,95%置信区间为-3.677 1~4.443 5 bpm,表明本文提出的非接触式方法的测量结果同标准仪器的测量结果具有高度的一致性。     

里底水电站混凝土强度与波速线性关系研究及应用

混凝土工程是电站枢纽工程最重要的组成部分之一,是工程安全的基础和保障,确保混凝土实体质量、杜绝混凝土质量缺陷是电站安全稳定运行的基本保证。随着声波检测技术水平的提高,并已在大坝混凝土工程中得到广泛应用。通过大量混凝土实测抗压强度和声波波速值对比试验的数理统计分析,建立工程专用测强曲线,能有效提高混凝土抗压强度推算值的准确性,较真实地反映混凝土实体质量水平。     

空气重介流化床干法选煤机的测量和控制方法探讨

从空气重介流化床干法选煤机的工作原理入手 ,阐述了流化床床高和密度的均匀、稳定对分选的重要作用 ,分析了流化床分选过程中的动态平衡机理 ,针对其工艺特点提出了保证流化床床高、密度均匀及稳定的测控方法