一种多功能组合式病床的结构

一种组合式多功能可移动病床,包括床外框和床芯,它既可以作为固定病床使用,又可以作为推床使用,还可以变换为轮椅使用。     

Collision-free control of an omni-directional vehicle

This study addresses the problem of controlling an omni-directional vehicle with both state and control dependent constraints. The task of the vehicle is to attain its desired final position given in the task space. The control constraints resulting from the physical abilities of actuators driving the vehicle wheels are also taken into account during the robot movement. The problem of collision avoidance is solved here based on an exterior penalty function approach which results in smooth vehicle velocities near obstacles. Provided that, a solution to the aforementioned vehicle task exists, the Lyapunov stability theory is used to derive the control scheme. The numerical simulation results carried out for the omni-directional vehicle operating in both a constraint-free task space and task space including obstacles, illustrate the performance of the proposed controllers.     

RoboCup中型组足球机器人的改进模糊HSIC运动控制

针对RoboCup中型组三轮全向足球机器人路径规划和轨迹跟踪的特点,结合仿人智能控制(human-simulated intelligent control,HSIC)算法,提出了改进模糊仿人智能运动控制算法,并将其运用于该系统的运动控制.实验研究证明,该算法具有控制精度高、稳定性好、能实时逼近期望路径的特点,完全满足RoboCup足球机器人运动控制的要求.另外,模糊控制的控制规则表可以由改进HSIC的逻辑控制规则所确定,使模糊控制器的设计更易于实现.     

Integrated text entry from power wheelchairs

Power wheelchair joysticks have be used to control a mouse cursor on desktop computers, but they offer no integrated text entry solution, confining users to point-and-click or point-and-dwell with on-screen keyboards. On-screen keyboards reduce useful screen real-estate, exacerbating the need for frequent window management, and impose a secondary focus of attention. By contrast, we present two integrated gestural text entry methods designed for use from power wheelchairs: one for use with joysticks and the other for use with touchpads. Both techniques are adaptations of EdgeWrite, originally a stylus-based unistroke method designed for people with tremor. In a preliminary text entry study of 7 power wheelchair users, we found that EdgeWrite with a touchpad was faster than the on-screen keyboard WiViK with a joystick, and EdgeWrite with a joystick was only slightly slower. These results warranted a multi-session comparison of text entry with EdgeWrite and WiViK using joysticks and touchpads, in which we found touchpads faster than joysticks, and EdgeWrite faster than WiViK with both devices after initial learning periods.     

基于Kinect传感器的智能轮椅手势控制系统的设计与实现

利用Kinect深度传感器所获取的图像深度信息实现手部从背景中的分割,并通过在Hu矩基础上加入3个表达式,使不变矩包含更多细节特征,对手势目标进行识别,最后把得到的识别结果转换成控制指令通过Ad-Hoc网络传送给智能轮椅,实现运动控制.实验表明,通过该方法实现的手势识别在图像旋转、缩放、平移的情况下具有不变性,对背景干扰具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于PCA与SVM结合的面部表情识别的智能轮椅控制

为了实现基于面部表情识别的智能轮椅控制,在传统的支持向量机(SVM)面部表情识别与分类方法的基础上,采用基于"八眼"的面部有效区域提取方法,将基于主成分分析(PCA)的面部表情特征提取方法与支持向量机分类方法相结合,实现了面部表情的识别与分类,并最终实现基于面部表情识别的智能轮椅的运动控制。实验结果表明,所采用的方法在识别率上明显优于传统SVM与PCA方法。     

一种改进的DAGSVM 手势识别方法及其应用

在支持向量机多分类方法基础上,提出了一种改进的有向无环图支持向量机( Directed Acyclic Graph Support Vector Machine,DAGSVM) 手势识别方法。首先根据Kinect 采集到 的场景深度信息将前景和背景分开,分割得到手,然后提取其特征向量,利用特征向量训练多 个SVM 两分类器,采用DAG 拓扑结构构成DAGSVM 多分类器,并对其结构排序进行改进。 实验证明,与其他支持向量机多分类方法相比,改进后的DAGSVM 分类器能够达到更高的识 别率,并将这个手势识别方法用于智能轮椅的控制上,收到了良好的效果。     

Advanced and Intelligent Control Techniques Applied to the Drive Control and Path Tracking Systems on a Robotic Wheelchair

This paper presents the theoretical support and experimental results of the application of advanced and intelligent control techniques to the drive control and trajectory tracking systems on a robotic wheelchair. The adaptive optimal control of the differential drive helps to improve the automatic guidance system's safety and comfort taking into consideration operating conditions such as load and distribution changes or motion actuator limitations. Furthermore, the incorporation of an optimal controller to minimize location errors and a fuzzy controller to adapt the linear velocity to the characteristics of the trajectory, provide the vehicle with a high degree of intelligence and autonomy, even when faced with obstacles. The global control solution implemented increases the features of the wheelchair for handicapped people, especially for those with a high degree of disability.     

基于分离参数标定的鱼眼镜头成像模型研究

鱼眼图像具有大视场角,但在应用方面存在严重畸变,为了探索鱼眼镜头的成像规律,本文提出一种基于分离参数标定的鱼眼镜头成像模型研究方法。对相机的物理参数进行分离标定,设计靶标,拟合径向、切向畸变系数,从而得到鱼眼镜头成像模型。比较由成像模型反推出的物点与真实物点的位置,实验结果表明,经本文提出的成像模型得到的成像点与真实物点的入射角和偏移角的误差均值分别为0.011 5和0.019 4。采用基于分离参数标定的鱼眼镜头成像模型研究方法可以较好地反映鱼眼镜头的成像规律,为更广泛地应用鱼眼镜头奠定基础。     

基于头势的人机交互系统研究

近年来,肢体残疾人数增长迅速,为了改善他们的生活质量和生活自由度,从方便且易于残疾人使用的角度出发,提出了一种利用头势来控制轮椅的方法。首先根据肤色信息找到人脸区域,然后利用AdaBoost算法在人脸区域找到鼻子。再根据计算鼻子区域的质心在整个画面上的位置信息识别头部姿态,从而达到控制轮椅运动的目的。实验结果表明,该方法可以准确的识别头部姿态,平均识别率达到了89.55%,同时具有较快的检测速度,且操作便易。