Diet composition and overlap for adult walleye,lake whitefish,and yellow perch in Green Bay,Lake Michigan

Interspecific interactions among walleye Sander vitreus, lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis, and yellow perch Perca flavescens in Green Bay could influence the population status of each species, but potential trophic interactions are poorly understood. Our objectives were to determine if diet assemblages for each species and diet overlap among species varied spatially and temporally within Green Bay. Adult walleye (≥381 mm total length (TL); N = 981), lake whitefish (≥432 mm TL; N = 1507), and yellow perch (≥150 mm TL; N = 1174) were collected during May-October of 2018 and 2019 from multiple locations in southern and northern Green Bay. Diet assemblages of each species varied between northern and southern Green Bay, but walleye diets were more temporally variable (among months within zones and between years) than diets of lake whitefish or yellow perch. Lake whitefish represented a seasonally important prey item for walleye in southern Green Bay, composing 10 % and 41 % of walleye diets by weight in May and June, respectively. Yellow perch generally composed <15 % of walleye diets by weight but were consumed at a broader spatiotemporal scale than lake whitefish. Diet overlap between walleye and both lake whitefish and yellow perch was generally weak or moderate, whereas diet overlap between whitefish and perch was generally strong. Our assessment of adult trophic interactions suggests that changes in the population status of one species could influence fisheries for all three, and we identify additional research questions to address potential population-level effects of these trophic interactions.     

汉江上游干支流沉积物细菌群落多样性和影响因素

为了解汉江上游干支流沉积物细菌多样性以及确定性过程和随机性过程在沉积物细菌群落构建过程中的相对重要性,基于Illumina高通量测序技术,分析了环境因子对细菌群落组成的影响,采用非度量多维尺度(NMDS)排序探究了季节之间沉积物细菌群落的差异,并结合中性群落模型和标准化随机率量化了确定性过程和随机过程对群落构建的影响。结果表明:汉江上游及其支流细菌群落主要由变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、蓝藻门(Cyanophyta)、浮霉菌门(Planctomycetes)和酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)等组成；细菌群落在不同季节有显著差异；地理距离和环境因子对细菌群落结构影响较小,确定性过程并未在细菌群落组成中起到主导作用；随机过程很大程度上影响了群落在秋季和春季的组成,是沉积物细菌群落构建的主导因素。     

第二代高通量测序技术分析倒笃菜菌群

目的检测収酵食品倒笃菜中细菌和真菌菌群结构。方法利用第二代高通量测序对倒笃菜中的真菌和细菌菌群结构迚行测定分析。结果检测出倒笃菜产品中,细菌群落中占主要地位为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)和Faecalibacterium属,分别占比例为11.4%、9.3%和8.9%,而对収酵起至兲重要的芽孢乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)仅占比例为1.1%。倒笃菜中真菌群落中占主要地位的真菌菌属为曲霉属(Aspergillus),占比为88.8%,而其余真菌占比仅为11.2%。其中,曲霉真菌属中存在可以产生真菌毒素的黄曲霉菌(A.flavus)、寄生曲霉菌(A.parasiticus)等。结论结果表明传统腌制倒笃菜产品中可能会存在一定的致病细菌与可产真菌毒素的真菌,从而有引起食品安全问题的风险,因此,应迚一步对倒笃菜微生物的安全性迚行深入检测分析。     

浓香型白酒窖泥菌群结构、菌种功能及其改良研究进展

窖泥质量对浓香型白酒的发酵具有重要影响。一般来说，窖龄越大，窖泥质量越好，酿酒质量越好。近年来，以提高窖泥质量、促进窖泥老熟为导向的研究成为热点。本文按照从基础理论到改良应用研究的逻辑顺序，参考相关文献资料，就窖泥菌群结构、菌种功能及人工窖泥改良三方面进行综述。在时间维度上，随窖龄增加，窖泥原核菌群多样性逐渐增加，菌群结构逐渐趋于稳定（老熟），而真核菌群多样性逐渐减少，甚至消失。在空间分布上，池底窖泥原核菌群多样性大于池壁泥，而真核菌群相反，且其在池底老窖泥中趋于消失状态。窖泥中一些菌种参与己酸合成，如克氏梭菌（Clostridium kluyveri）和Ruminococcaceae CPB6，随窖泥老熟，窖泥菌群逐渐形成了完整的代谢网络。人工窖泥改良可以有效促进窖泥菌群的老熟。通过本综述，为进一步的窖泥菌群理论及应用研究提供了新思路。     

不同含量低污染水对人工湿地中细菌的影响研究

探究水平流人工湿地(HFCW)系统处理低污染水过程中,相同COD/ρ(TN)下不同碳氮含量对细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明,进水为较高碳氮含量的HFCW(HF1)和进水为较低碳氮含量的HFCW(HF2)对COD和TN的去除效率具有一定的差异,HF1和HF2对COD的去除效率分别为48.26%和28.89%,对TN的去除率分别为79.06%和81.87%。HF1中细菌的丰富度和多样性均高于HF2,HF1中富集的优势细菌为Chloroflexaceae、Comamonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,均具有异养反硝化功能,HF2中富集的优势细菌为Xanthomonadaceae和Rhodocyclaceae,其中Xanthomonadaceae具有自养反硝化功能。COD、NH4^+-N和NO3^--N对HF1中细菌群落的影响大于对HF2中细菌群落的影响,HF1中COD对细菌群落的影响大于NH4^+-N和NO3^--N。     

Biohydrogen production,sludge granulation,and microbial community in an anaerobic inner cycle biohydrogen production (AICHP) reactor at different hydraulic retention times

This study investigated the continuous biohydrogen production in an anaerobic inner cycle biohydrogen production (AICHP) reactor fed with synthetic molasses wastewater as the model substrate under mesophilic conditions (37 ± 1 °C). The hydraulic retention times (HRTs) were set as 6.12, 4.90, 4.08, 3.50, and 3.06 h. Both maximum hydrogen production rate (HPR) (8.08 ± 0.48 L/L/d) and maximum granule formation were achieved at the HRT of 3.50 h. Acetic acid and butyric acid were the dominant metabolites in all tested HRTs throughout the experiment. Microbial community analysis showed that shortening the HRT promoted hydrogen production. This was mainly achieved by enhancing the growth of acetogenic bacteria in the AICHP reactor, rather than the growth of hydrogen-producing bacteria.     

Value drivers of blockchain technology: A case study of blockchain-enabled online community

There is growing recognition that blockchain technology has significant potential to alter how organizations and people work and communicate. However, theoretical guidance concerning how organizations leverage blockchain technology to enhance value creation for users is still limited. Grounded in the socio-technical perspective and leveraging the rich data obtained from case analyses of blockchain-enabled online communities, this paper develops a theoretical model to identify the core value drivers that blockchain enables for online communities. The core value drivers include: a reputation-value system, data ownership mechanisms, and verification & tracking mechanisms. Our findings suggest that these three value drivers enhance value creation of online communities by motivating participation and protecting contributions.