A cross-sectional study of self-reported back and neck pain among English schoolchildren and associated physical and psychological risk factors

This study set out to identify the associations between ergonomics and other factors with back and neck pain among schoolchildren. Self-reported questionnaires were used to record health outcomes and potential risk factors in state schools. Six hundred and seventy-nine schoolchildren from Surrey in the United Kingdom aged 11–14 years took part. Twenty-seven percent of children reported having neck pain, 18% reported having upper back pain, and 22% reported having low back pain. A forward stepwise logistic regression was performed with pain categories the dependent variables. Neck pain was significantly associated with school furniture features, emotional and conduct problems, family history of low back pain and previous treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Upper back pain was associated with school bag weight (3.4–4.45 kg), school furniture features, emotional problems and previous treatment for musculoskeletal disorders. Low back pain was associated with school furniture features, emotional problems, family history and previous injury or accident. It is important to recognise the influence of physical, psychological and family factors in children's pain.  

视触觉融合感知的点阵刺激装置设计

探究人的多通道融合感知特性是物理心理学重要研究方向，本文创新设计了一种视觉和触觉融合感知的点阵刺激装置，可作为物理心理学的实验研究设备.此装置包括上位机控制平台，下位机控制模块，视觉点阵刺激模块、触觉点阵刺激模块等.上位机控制平台发出视触觉刺激的控制指令，下位机控制模块执行控制指令.视觉点阵刺激模块提供视觉感知，由19行12列的228盏LED灯阵列组成，最小封装尺寸为1.0×0.5 mm，能够提供10个等级的明亮灰度值（7.6–75.8 lux），最高刷新频率为85 Hz，可选用红，白，黄，绿4种颜色.触觉点阵刺激模块提供触觉感知，由6行4列的24个触点阵列组成，触点直径为1.5 mm，凸起高度为0.40±0.05 mm，最大刷新频率为10 Hz，触点凸起后处于自锁位置，能够承受约10 N的按压力.测试结果表明，此装置可以独立或混合控制视觉点阵和触觉点阵中任意LED灯和触点工作，输出视觉刺激和触觉刺激，体积小（长70 mm、宽66 mm、高80 mm），重量轻（337 g），在15 m半径范围内可以遥操作，能为物理心理学研究人的视触觉融合感知特性提供定量化的实验数据.