清季湖南灾荒与民变

清代后期湖南灾荒频仍,政府调控不力,造成了社会道德失范的悲剧和一次又一次的社会骚动--民变,主要包括饥民抢米索食的自发斗争、由饥民暴动转化为农民起义、会党利用饥民斗争起事和因瘟疫引发群众性的反洋教斗争等4种形式,反映了清朝后期湖南人民反对帝国主义和清政府的斗争精神.     

可量测牌匾标识的生成方法与应用研究

牌匾标识作为一类城市部件是城市管理中不可缺少的部分,特别是规范统一的牌匾可以美化市容、方便调查与后期管理、以西城区牌匾普查项目为例分别介绍了以移动测量系统为工具在牌匾数据采集、内业数据建库与入库处理方法的研究以及生成的可量测牌匾标识在牌匾数据规范中的应用。最后还阐述了西城区在牌匾尺寸规范试点工作中所取得的成果。     

光照世界史坛的中医起源之谜

以疫病流行及其原型分析为线索，联系早期治法（如热熨、火灸、砭刺等）探讨了古代以腺鼠疫为代表的疫病流行与医学起源间的内在联系；以医源于疫的视野分析我国医史病史研究在出土文物、古文字和医学文献等方面丰富的信息资源与优势；分析解读疾病名实的古今变迁、比较中西医学及其在认识论与方法论上的差异，为审视我国传统医学在疫病防治方面的丰富经验与延至今日的独到成就与意义，疾病史研究成果与推广，实现古为今用，将为当今疫病防治的中西互补、中西医结合与比较提供宝贵的历史经验与借鉴。     

扁鹊传统的古今对话与反思

在采用描述性流行性学解读《史记·扁鹊传》的基础上,从宏观与微观两个方面探讨了《史记》背景资料的真伪和鼠疫流行的可能性。结合鼠疫恶寒发热、消化道与中枢神经系统等症状对中医外感热病学说、脾胃内伤学说与温疫温病等学说的影响,围绕伤寒热病与鼠疫病程的一致性,以及由此抽象而来的六经学说,从疾病流行、象数、复杂性思维路径依赖和知识考古,揭示了疫病流行对早期医学理论、原始宗教与思想文化的影响,提出医源于疫的假说,并就疫病流行与中医教育、中西医结合等问题阐述了看法。     

Bubonic plague,colonial ideologies,and urban planning policies: Dakar,Lagos, and Kumasi

The Third Plague Pandemic originated in Southwest China in the mid-nineteenth century, reached Africa's shores around 1900, and spread globally for about a century. This article examines three plague loci in colonial Senegal (Dakar, 1914), Nigeria (Lagos, 1924), and the Gold Coast (today's Ghana; Kumasi, 1924). A tripartite comparative analysis is made of French and British doctrines of colonial rule, colonial urban planning policies, and anti-plague practices. While some common features are demonstrated in the policies and practices of the colonizing forces such as the implementation of rigorous measures and embracing segregationist solutions, divergent features can also be distinguished. These relate to the methods of implementation of planning and anti-plague policies, in accordance with colonial ideology (assimilation, direct and indirect rule); and to the very nature of autochthonous communities, responses, and levels of agitation. Our both comparative and more nuanced site-related view is also based on a large collection of archival and secondary materials from multilateral channels.     

Authority,autonomy and the first London Bills of Mortality

Publication of population-level data can help balance a government's need for authority with individual residents' practical need for autonomy, even during the chaos and urgency of an epidemic. Starting in the early 16th century, efforts to track the spread of epidemic plague across England and Wales included royal orders to compile weekly, parish-by-parish mortality reports. The City of London devised a novel, quantitative response: rather than producing lists of plague victims, its parishes counted up those who had died of plague and the total number buried that week to yield a local relative frequency of plague deaths. Initially, in keeping with common practices, these data were available only to London's Lord Mayor and aldermen, the sovereign, and the Privy Council. But during the plague of 1592, the City of London's printer posted large-format printed versions of each week's report in public places throughout the City, thus providing free, general access to the week's mortality data. These were the first London Bills of Mortality. Thanks to London's high numeracy rate, many residents could not only read numbers but use tables and interpret ratios. Even those with minimal numeracy could participate in discussions of the data and integrate the results into their lived experience, potentially assessing risks more accurately and making better choices. The fundamental concerns faced by London's government and residents in the 16th century are remarkably similar to those now raised by COVID-19. The broad requirements for and potential advantages of sharing a stream of useful, reliable statistical data with a numerate public also run in parallel.     

基于民众视阈下的疫情数据可视化设计路径研究

目的提出疫情数据可视化叙事设计的方法,在疫情数据信息传播过程中,叙事设计为民众提供了易懂易记的数据信息,更好地解决了从数据感知到对数据认知以及产生行为反应等一系列问题。方法从疫情传播数据可视化对民众产生的影响进行分析,将目前传染病领域数据可视化设计的特点和不足进行归纳。对疫情数据进行叙事化结构解析,融入故事化的叙述流程,形成连续性的思维路径。充分调动民众的情绪和参与性,形成适应于疫情传播数据可视化设计的参考方法。结论以新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情为例,对疫情数据可视化叙事设计的五个主要活动方面:挖掘数据、明确目的、了解受众、叙事类型以及视觉呈现进行介绍。叙事化设计可以有效帮助民众认知疫情,从而更好地预防、把控和阻止疫情蔓延。     

Rethinking the history of plague in the time of COVID-19

We are currently experiencing one of the most disruptive pandemics in modern history. The outbreak of COVID-19 that was first recorded in Wuhan, China and quickly spread across the globe has resulted in nearly 5 million confirmed cases to date and more than 300,000 deaths. Where we stand now, it is still uncertain how many it will infect or kill worldwide, how long it will continue, and when—if ever—life will return to normal. What we know for sure is that this is a pivotal moment and that we are experiencing a historic event that will transform our societies both profoundly and irreversibly. As we wade into this new age of pandemics, it is critical to rethink how we write the history of pandemics. With a conviction that the past helps us to understand the present and that the present should help us to rethink the past, I turn to the legacy of past plagues. In this essay, I take stock of the lasting legacies of past plagues because they continue to shape the way we think about new pandemics. In particular, I address persistent problems, such as European exceptionalism, triumphalism, and epidemiological Orientalism, that are not only ubiquitous in plague studies, but also staples of public opinion about pandemics, past and present.     

城乡“安全健康单元”营建体系与应对策略——基于对疫情与灾害“防-适-用”响应机制的思考

针对"小概率-大代价"的疫情与灾害发生,提出了建立"防-适-用"响应机制的理念,解析了城乡建设的"安全健康单元"的概念,诠释了其基本内涵、营建目标、运维机制,以及与既有城乡空间的关系,明确了"安全健康单元"的核心内容、营建策略、关键技术等,为人居环境营建的发展提出了新思路与新举措。     

黄土地基刚度软化法迫降纠倾技术应用研究

在室内迫降纠倾试验研究成果的基础上,综合应用了应力解除法、应力附加法和地基土体刚度软化法等迫降纠倾技术,对某筏板基础五层框架结构的教学大楼进行迫降纠倾,使倾斜结构物顺利回倾,变形缝、倾斜率均达到了规定的技术要求。