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1.
花色苷作为植物中常见的功能色素物质,具有广泛的生理功能。然而,花色苷在加工和贮存过程中稳定性较差,容易发生降解。许多研究报道递送系统可应用于提高花色苷稳定性,进而提高其在体内的生物利用度。本文介绍了花色苷在人体内消化吸收的过程,并综述了目前用于提高花色苷肠道稳定性的几种递送系统,包括蛋白质递送系统、多糖递送系统、脂质体递送系统、复乳体系递送系统以及复合递送系统,以期为功能因子在食物中的进一步开发和利用提供理论依据。  相似文献   
2.
The article proposes a methodological approach to the development of the tools for studying the international electro-hydrogen system creation in Northeast Asia. The term "hydrogen carrier" was introduced and its definition was given. The resource, economic and technological prerequisites for the development of the unified regional infrastructure to produce, transfer, transform and utilise both electricity and "hydrogen carriers" for consumers of energy services are considered.The author points out the need for a comprehensive consideration of technological, economic, social and political factors when developing such a complex technical system, which affects the diverse actors' interests. In order to create mutual understanding and balance the stakeholders’ interests, the tool to evaluate the efficiency of such a system is necessary. The use of mathematical models is becoming one of the most vital and widespread techniques employed for this purpose. Thereby, the article deals with the structure and the development stages of a regional electro-hydrogen model for Northeast Asia.The review of models that address the issues of hydrogen technologies and renewable energy integration into energy supply systems is given. The main types of models used to describe such technical and economic systems are identified and it is concluded that the development of a two-level modelling system is necessary. The production and transport models at the upper (international) level should be the core of the proposed models system. At the lower level (the "green hydrogen carriers" production), the models of optimal resource management are required to determine the composition and parameters of the technological equipment.Step-by-step development of the modelling system is proposed. The first stage is the simplest scenario where only solar and wind energy is considered as an energy source. At this stage, it is possible to weed out inefficient technologies and identify targeted technologies and mechanisms for multilateral regional cooperation. The second stage should balance the interests of the actors and stakeholders. Here, the traditional renewable energy (biomass, hydro and pumped storage) along with carbon (thermal) and nuclear power generation, as well as other ("carbon") hydrogen technologies will become available for consideration. The final, third stage of the research tools development, will require separate accounting of "green" and "carbon" energy to consider certification mechanisms and energy pricing when building the international hydrogen system in Northeast Asia.In conclusion, the structure of the first stage production and transport model is described. This model will allow estimating the comparative effectiveness of different electric and hydrogen technologies to deliver green energy to consumers in the Northeast Asian economies.  相似文献   
3.
泡沫灭火剂是常用的火灾扑救方法之一,但常规泡沫灭火剂存在半衰期短,析液、聚并迅速而影响灭火效能的问题,基于火灾化学和活性剂技术,提出碳氢表面活性剂SDS、有机硅表面活性剂LS-99和低碳醇的三元系泡沫体系,并系统探究碳氢/有机硅/低碳醇的复配配比。通过表面张力、发泡高度、稳泡系数的大量测试,发现LS-99的临界胶束浓度为0.0083%。LS-99和SDS二元系在降低表面张力、提升发泡高度和稳泡系数方面具有良好的协同增效作用。在此基础上引入适量浓度的能够延缓泡沫析液、聚并的异丁醇,设计出了性能优良的碳氢/有机硅/低碳醇泡沫灭火剂。LS-99、SDS和异丁醇的质量分数为0.1%时,测试结果表明SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫的发泡倍数可达52.5倍,25%析液时间可达210 s,300 s时的稳泡系数高达0.958,半衰期远超常规泡沫。煤自燃的灭火抑制实验表明,SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫作用下,煤自燃各反应阶段的活化能相较于空气氛围均增大,反应难度增强;最大失重速率下降,反应剧烈程度减弱。初期吸热阶段的吸热量为78.3 J/g,大于空气氛围下煤氧复合的吸热量,吸热增幅高达2.16倍。放热阶段的放热量为1765.4 J/g,相较于空气氛围放热降幅达到15.15%,表明SDS/LS-99/醇三元系泡沫对煤自燃具有良好的灭火效果。  相似文献   
4.
In this article, the memory-based dynamic event-triggered controller design issue is investigated for networked interval type-2 (IT2) fuzzy systems under non-periodic denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. For saving limited network bandwidth, a novel memory-based dynamic event-triggered mechanism (DETM) is proposed to schedule data communication. Unlike existing event-triggered generators, the developed memory-based DETM can utilize a series of newly released signals and further save network resources by introducing interval dynamic variables. Moreover, to improve design flexibility, an IT2 fuzzy controller with freely selectable fuzzy rule number and premise membership functions (MFs) is synthesized. Then, a new switched time-delay system with imperfectly matched MFs is established under the consideration of memory-based DETM and DoS attacks simultaneously. Besides, based on the property of MFs, the boundary information of membership grades and slack matrices are introduced in the stability analysis. Furthermore, by using a piecewise Lyapunov–Krasovskii method, membership-functions-dependent criteria are deduced to ensure the asymptotic stability of built fuzzy switched systems. Finally, the effectiveness of proposed control strategies is demonstrated by simulation examples.  相似文献   
5.
工程中通常布置排水孔以降低岩体内部渗流压力。在运行过程中,充填物堵塞排水孔会限制排水能力,威胁工程安全。目前对于填充排水孔的分析,主要考虑非填充区域的纯流体运动,却鲜有同时考虑填充区域和非填充区域的水流运动。鉴于此,建立自由流-渗流耦合理论模型,分析岩体内轴对称填充排水孔的流速分布,该理论模型中,排水孔中非填充区域纯水流运动遵循Navier-Stokes方程,填充介质中渗流运动可由Darcy-Brinkman方程描述;结合速度连续和应力跳跃的界面边界条件,推导出流场流速分布和泄流量解析解;流速理论解与4阶Runge-Kutta方法数值解结果吻合良好。参数敏感性分析结果表明:流场流速与达西数(Da)和空隙相对开度(γ)呈正相关,与粘度比(M)和应力跳跃系数(β)呈负相关;当应力跳跃系数小于0时,上述参数变化对流速分布的影响更为显著,此时粘度比对模型计算结果的影响不能忽略。随着空隙相对开度增加,界面速度逐渐减小(Da = 1),界面速度先增大后减小(Da = 0.1),界面速度逐渐增大(Da < 0.1)。研究成果可为部分堵塞排水孔泄流能力计算提供理论依据,对于完善和发展排水孔自由流-渗流耦合理论具有重要意义,可为后续排水孔加压清淤提供参考。  相似文献   
6.
Imaging the vibrations of nanomechanical resonators means measuring their flexural mode shapes from the dependence of their frequency response on in-plane position. Applied to two-dimensional resonators, this technique provides a wealth of information on the mechanical properties of atomically-thin membranes. We present a simple and robust system to image the vibrations of few layer graphene (FLG) resonators at room temperature and in vacuum with an in-plane displacement precision of ≈0.20 μm. It consists of a sturdy vacuum enclosure mounted on a three-axis micropositioning stage and designed for free space optical measurements of vibrations. The system is equipped with ultraflexible radio frequency transmission lines to electrically actuate resonators. With it we characterize the lowest frequency mode of FLG resonators by measuring its frequency response as a function of position on the membrane and by extracting its effective mass. We use the background noise of the undriven vibrational spectrum to calibrate in-plane displacement. Finally, we measure the first three vibration modes of a resonator whose membrane is partially folded and find that folds locally suppress vibrations.  相似文献   
7.
能量回收装置是反渗透海水淡化系统的核心元件之一,通过回收高压盐水的压力能来降低能耗和节约成本,加强其基础研究并突破技术瓶颈是缓解我国水资源危机的战略选择。根据工作原理将反渗透海水淡化能量回收装置分成液力透平式、正位移式和泵-马达式3类,主要从结构、原理、效率和应用等方面对国内外研究进展进行综述和分析,并对我国能量回收装置的发展方向和关键技术进行总结展望。研究表明,液力透平式装置已逐渐被市场淘汰,占据市场主流地位的正位移式装置也存在技术缺陷,而泵-马达式装置的集成化设计和降低工作能耗是未来的重要研究方向。  相似文献   
8.
本文主要研究了面向估计性能的双通道带宽分配策略问题.为了减小网络化控制系统中时滞现象对信号传输的影响,将系统建模为Markov跳变时滞系统.采用双通道传输策略,提升数据到达率,减少数据包的丢失.考虑到信道容量的有限性不利于大量数据的高效传输,将有限的带宽灵活地分配于两个通道,使得信道容量得到充分利用.在此基础上,本文提出了面向估计性能的双通道带宽分配策略,设计了双通道量化传输方案以及状态估计器,推导出了时变估计误差系统满足H_∞性能的充分条件,并得出估计器增益矩阵设计方法,最后给出实例验证了所设计系统的有效性.  相似文献   
9.
《Ceramics International》2022,48(22):32649-32676
Due to excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability and catalytic characteristics, zirconia is considered as the most important ceramic materials. Different crystal forms make zirconia play a huge role in solid electrolyte fuel cells, catalysts, thermal barrier coatings, denture materials, mobile phone backplanes, etc. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review about solvothermal synthesis of nano-zirconia. Firstly, the reactors and systems of solvothermal synthesis in recent years are introduced. Especially, the advancement of continuously flowing microreactors and field-coupled systems are analyzed. Secondly, influencing factors of zirconia solvothermal synthesis are discussed. In addition, solvent effects on the synthesis of nano-zirconia products are clarified, and suggestions for solvent selection are given. Furthermore, the design and mechanism of solvothermal synthesis of zero-, one-, two-and three-dimensional zirconia nanostructures are revealed. Simultaneously, experimental methods and kinetic studies are summarized. Finally, potential applications and challenges are presented for future research directions.  相似文献   
10.
Different aspects of the reciprocal regulatory influence on the development of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-producing- and immune systems in the perinatal ontogenesis and their functioning in adults in normal and pathological conditions are discussed. The influence of GnRH on the development of the immune system, on the one hand, and the influence of proinflammatory cytokines on the development of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal system, on the other hand, and their functioning in adult offspring are analyzed. We have focused on the effects of GnRH on the formation and functional activity of the thymus, as the central organ of the immune system, in the perinatal period. The main mechanisms of reciprocal regulation of these systems are discussed. The reproductive health of an individual is programmed by the establishment and development of physiological systems during critical periods. Regulatory epigenetic mechanisms of development are not strictly genetically controlled. These processes are characterized by a high sensitivity to various regulatory factors, which provides possible corrections for disorders.  相似文献   
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