高稳高效海上风电安装平台关键制造技术研究

海上风电作为可再生清洁能源之一,受到世界各国的高度重视与大力发展。我国将海上风电提升至解决能源危机、减缓气候变化、调整能源结构的国家战略高度,到2030年我国单位国内生产总值二氧化碳排放将比2005年下降65%以上,非化石能源占一次能源消费比重将达到25%左右。安装平台不足将是我国海上风电场无法如期建成投产的主要障碍。对自升自航式海上风电安装平台系列高端装备及其设计制造的三大技术难题——腿站立作业易“失稳”、大平台大跨距大倾覆力矩自升易“失控”、高空吊装巨型叶片逾百螺栓精准定位易“失准”,以及焊缝缺陷修复和局部裂纹损伤的激光锻造修复再制造进行了介绍,研制的具有不同规格的系列装备在中国、英国、丹麦、德国等国家的著名海上风电场建设应用情况良好。     

基于概率法的电力系统安全分析

为应对电力系统安全分析中的停机问题，基于概率法的方式，将常用的确定停机计算与加入了概率法的概率停机进行比较，研究了二者的区别与其在长期投资方向的不同。在进行电力系统停机分析时，通常会分别从确定停机与概率停机的角度出发，对其应急状态下的潮流进行计算。但前者的方法可能导致极低概率的停机事件被忽略，进而影响长期的资金投资。通过加入概率法的计算，使得对单个停机事件的判定由其具体的频率来确定，增加了系统运行的稳定性。     

基于PMU的电力系统监控体系结构优化设计

文中提出了一种利用有限数量的相量测量单元(PMU)和相量数据集中器(PDC)设计最优监控结构的方法。通过在大量的设定值场景下,使电力系统可观测性曲线的期望值最大化,同时使通信基础设施成本最小化,最终确定PMU和PDC的最佳位置。提出了一种非线性动态扩展卡尔曼滤波(EFK)状态观测器。这种状态观测器可以将暂态行为转换为由代数微分方程描述的广域电力系统,而无需非线性反演技术。最后以IEEE-5电力系统为例,说明了该方法的有效性。     

超宽带大功率合成器设计北大核心CSCD

在80 MHz~1 GHz频段,单个功率管输出功率能达到100 W以上,为研制输出功率400 W的功率放大器,文中设计了四路功率合成器。该合成器需要实现功率容量大、工作频带宽、体积小的设计目标。在功率容量方面,文中采用悬置带状线结构,其功率容量远远大于微带线结构;在工作频带方面,采用切比雪夫九节阻抗变换器,将工作带宽拓宽为80 MHz~1 GHz;在体积方面,文中合成器的功率合成部分采用Y型节级联实现四路功率合成,阻抗变换部分采用切比雪夫阻抗变换器进行阻抗变换,该结构相较于磁环巴伦功率合成器,不但具有损耗小、平坦度高的优点,而且通过将阻抗变换器设计成曲折的形状,进一步缩小了合成器体积。仿真与实测结果显示该合成器在80 MHz~1 GHz范围内还具有较高的平坦度,合成效率可达90%以上。     

温度对核电站传热管阵列声透射特性的影响

为了研究温度分布对于管阵列结构中的声透射特性的影响，以核电站的实际工况为背景，构建了不同的温度场以及周期性变化的非均匀温度场，利用有限元方法进行数值模拟。结果表明：（1）温度分布会改变管阵列声透射频谱的“禁带”宽度以及中心频率位置。在同一介质中，温度变化对频率较高位置的影响大于频率较低的位置。（2）在同样为10℃的温度差下，当水的平均声速为1 653 m·s^-1、饱和水蒸气的平均声速为522.5 m·s^-1时，介质为水时的禁带宽度及中心频率位置变化较大，即声速大的介质的频谱对于温度的变化更敏感。（3）当温度差在10℃以内，在周期性变化的非均匀温度场和与均匀温度场中管阵列声透射特性在第一中心频率23 996.1 Hz之前，两频谱差别很小，在第一禁带之后会出现明显区别。该研究成果对完善核电站应用的声学检测提供了理论基础。     

立柱加固型框架大楼的爆破拆除

采用定向控制爆破技术拆除立柱加固型7层框架大楼。为了彻底炸毁加固立柱,确保大楼顺利定向倾倒,通过多次爆破试验确定了炸药单耗、布孔参数和装药结构。为了控制大楼塌落时的触地震动,采取了秒差分区爆破、空中解体、铺垫缓冲层和开挖减震沟等技术措施。爆破过程中进行了震动监测。此外还介绍了起爆顺序、安全防护措施及爆破结果。     

Stable power supply of an independent power source for a remote island using a Hybrid Energy Storage System composed of electric and hydrogen energy storage systems

We propose a self-sustaining power supply system consisting of a “Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS)” and renewable energy sources to ensure a stable supply of high-quality power in remote islands. The configuration of the self-sustaining power supply system that can utilize renewable energy sources effectively on remote islands where the installation area is limited is investigated. It is found that it is important to select renewable energy sources whose output power curve is close to the load curve to improve the efficiency of the system. The operation methods that can increase the cost-effectiveness of the self-sustaining power supply system are also investigated. It is clarified that it is important for increasing the cost effectiveness of the self-sustaining power supply system to operate the HESS with a smaller capacity of its components by setting upper limits on the output power of the renewable energy sources and cutting the infrequent generated power.     

Optimization of PEMFC system operating conditions based on neural network and PSO to achieve the best system performance

PEMFC system is a complex new clean power system. Based on MATLAB/Simulink, this paper develops a system-level dynamic model of PEMFC, including the gas supply system, hydrogen supply system, hydrothermal management system, and electric stack. The neural network fits the electric stack model to the simulation data. The effects of different operating conditions on the PEMFC stack power and system efficiency are analyzed. Combining the power of the reactor and the system efficiency to define the integrated performance index, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is introduced to optimize the power density and system efficiency of the PEMFC with multiple objectives. The final optimal operating point increases the power density and system efficiency by 1.33% and 12.8%, respectively, which maximizes the output performance and reduces the parasitic power.     

Electromagnetic transients in the control system of output parameters of a solar power plant in Tajikistan Central Asia region

At present, as the demand for electricity increases in all sectors, there is an urgent need to introduce alternative renewable energy sources into modern energy systems. Renewable energy sources, which consist of solar (photovoltaic, PV), wind and hydro power, are key alternative sources of “green energy’’ energies, but it can also be used to produce “green” hydrogen. Thanks to scientific and technological progress, the cost of photovoltaic solar radiation converters is constantly decreasing at a high rate, which makes it possible to build solar power plants of sufficiently large capacity. In the coming decades, solar energy will become an incentive for the economic development of countries that have the maximum “solar” resource. The Republic of Tajikistan is one of these countries with a high potential for solar energy.The article presents an analysis of the resources and potential of solar energy in the Republic of Tajikistan. The study of electromagnetic transients in networks with photovoltaic solar power plants is performed. The main equations, simulation model and calculations of transients are presented, taking into account changes in voltage on DC buses. An algorithm for controlling the system of automatic control of output parameters is proposed. The analysis of dynamic and static modes in parallel operation of a solar power plant with the grid is carried out. A block diagram and computer model is constructed in the MATLAB package together with Simulink and Power System Blockset.     

内含实体对H型垂直轴风力机气动性能的影响

以H型垂直轴风力机及其内含圆柱形实体为研究对象,对NACA0018翼型的五叶片H型垂直轴风力机的气动性能进行数值模拟和实验验证。分析8种不同直径的内含圆柱体,在内含实体截面积占风轮迎风面积之比分别为21.2%、50.0%和76.9%时,风力机风能利用率的峰值分别下降8.04%、20.7%及74.3%。结果表明：随着内含实体直径的增大,风能利用率的峰值逐渐减小,开始较为缓慢,达到一定值时快速下降。小直径内含实体主要影响叶片在下风区的转矩,对风能利用率的影响较小,而大直径内含实体还会影响叶片在上风区的转矩,其风能利用率迅速减小。对于内含固定直径的实体,比如在现有建筑物外侧安装风力机时,其风轮半径的选择需综合考虑风能利用率和风力机的建造成本两方面的因素。研究结果可为建筑物与垂直轴风力机进行有效结合以提高风能的利用提供参考。