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1.
《工程爆破》2022,(2):76-78
在较为复杂的环境下,爆破拆除钢筋混凝土氧化铝储槽。该储槽自重大、呈圆形,内有4根立柱支撑下料漏斗。为使储槽顺利定向倒塌,通过爆破方案选择、参数确定,采取梯形切口和预处理以及安全防护和减振措施,使储槽爆破拆除获圆满成功。  相似文献   
2.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(1):101103
The present study proposes a new elasto-plastic constitutive model that considers different types of hydrates in pore spaces. Many triaxial compression tests on both methane hydrate-bearing soils and carbon dioxide hydrate-bearing soils have been carried out over the last few decades. It has been revealed that methane hydrate-bearing soils and carbon dioxide hydrate-bearing soils have different strength and dilatancy properties even though they have the same hydrate contents. The reason for this might be due to the different types of hydrate morphology. In this study, therefore, the effect of the hydrate morphology on the mechanical response of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments is investigated through a model analysis by taking into account the different hardening rules corresponding to each type of hydrate morphology. In order to evaluate the capability of the proposed model, it is applied to the results of past triaxial compression tests on both methane hydrate-containing and carbon dioxide hydrate-containing sand specimens. The model is found to successfully reproduce the different stress–strain relations and dilatancy behaviors, by only giving consideration to the different morphology distributions and not changing the fitting parameters. The model is then used to predict a possible range in which the maximum deviator stress can move for various hydrate morphology ratios; the range is defined as the strength-band. The predicted curve of the maximum deviator stress obtained by the constitutive model matches the empirical equations obtained from past experiments. It supports the fact that the hydrate morphology ratio changes with the total hydrate saturation. These findings will contribute to a better understanding of the relation between the microscopic structures and macro-mechanical behaviors of gas-hydrate-bearing sediments.  相似文献   
3.
风驱动算法是一种新兴的基于群体迭代启发式的全局优化算法,与遗传算法、布谷鸟算法等相比,具有明确的物理背景,但该算法避免不了易陷入早熟和收敛效率慢的问题。针对早熟,本文提出了扰动策略,对当前最优适应度值对应的任一元素进行扰动,且随着迭代次数的增加,扰动量逐渐减少。针对收敛效率不高,提出了空间压缩策略,采用奇偶相间的方式,通过计算约束更新解的上下限以保证该解是可行解。将改进的风驱动优化算法运用到某水库的优化调度中,并与粒子群算法和标准风驱动算法进行比较。结果表明改进的风驱动优化算法更为可靠、高效,能以较快速度收敛于最优解,且最优解值更大,为水库优化调度模型求解提出新的解决方案。  相似文献   
4.
基于压电阻抗(electromechanical impedance, EMI)技术,针对结构损伤识别提出了阻抗/导纳数据压缩与重构的方法,利用随机矩阵将监测系统中的原始阻抗数据向量进行线性映射,并将映射后的向量输入到接收系统中;基于压缩感知理论将重构原始数据的问题转化成非确定性多项式问题,并基于凸优化(convex optimization, CO)理论求解;在损伤识别阶段,利用均方根偏差(root mean square deviation, RMSD)统计指标对重构阻抗数据的识别效果进行评估,并与使用原始阻抗数据的效果进行对比。利用简支钢梁的局部损伤识别试验采集的阻抗数据证明所提出方法的有效性。结果表明:基于重构阻抗数据能够有效识别结构损伤,基系数矩阵的稀疏度随着测量数的减少而降低,一致球集合对应的稀疏度区间低于其他测量矩阵,阻抗数据重构效果随着压缩率的增加而减弱,当压缩率高于2.0时,部分使用重构阻抗数据识别结构损伤的误差将大于20%,损伤识别精度降低。  相似文献   
5.
强烈的构造挤压对地层超压的形成和演化具有重要影响,对构造挤压型超压的判识与估算有待进一步深入研究。综合岩石力学特征与储集物性参数的相关性,系统分析了相同应力条件下,构造挤压型超压地层和静水压力地层在垂向有效应力、声波速度、密度测井响应等方面的差异,建立了构造挤压型超压的识别模版。依据孔隙弹性理论,改进了传统的等效深度法并提出了构造挤压型超压的计算方法——平均应力法。综合实钻压力、区域地质资料和泥岩综合压实特征,在库车坳陷克拉苏-依奇克里克构造带识别出不同强度的构造挤压型超压。基于三维主应力计算,定量评估了构造挤压引起的增压量。构造挤压是克拉苏-依奇克里克构造带地层超压的重要成因机制,其对地层超压的贡献率与构造强度具明显正相关性,在克拉苏构造带KS6井区,构造挤压对超压的贡献率为43.2%~44.4%,在DB6井区的贡献率为34.1%~39.3%;在依奇克里克构造带YS4井区,构造挤压贡献率为32.8%~34.7%,在TX1井区的贡献率为21.1%~22.0%。研究方法与认识可以为预测构造挤压型盆地的地层压力提供研究思路、为有利储层的寻找提供理论指导。  相似文献   
6.
一步骤胶结充填体为二步骤矿柱回采提供支撑,充填体由三轴受力转为单轴受力状态,其稳定性对采场安全至关重要。为此对比分析了单次(单轴)和二次(三轴加单轴)压缩对不同灰砂比胶结充填体的应力-应变曲线、强度特征、能耗特征及破坏模式。结果表明:单次比二次具有更明显压密阶段、更高线弹性阶段,增大围压使二次充填体压密阶段减小、线弹性阶段和屈服阶段延长、弹模增大;灰砂比1∶12直接进入线弹性变形阶段,但低围压各阶段水平大于高围压。1∶12峰值强度随围压增大而下降、1∶8先增后降、1∶4峰值强度与围压呈正相关,1∶8存在强度最优值;1∶4和1∶12两次充填体受围压影响较小,强度占比在26.05%~58.79%,1∶8则高达89.92%和93.51%。二次压缩和灰砂比降低造成充填体能量值下降,增大围压使峰前总能量占比上升、峰前应变能缓慢增加;1∶4和1∶8增大围压提高峰前储能极限,1∶12则先降后增。试样裂纹表现为平行和竖直,二次压缩使充填体破碎程度提高,增大围压维持完整性,试样二次压缩破坏路径沿首次路径发生,破坏位置发生在上部。  相似文献   
7.
8.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(5):101215
This technical report on the compression behavior of soft soils in the Colombian capital, Bogotá, was conducted because the city’s recent construction history has led to excessive settlement of soils in the city over the last forty years. Several studies have shown the city’s soil to contain unusually high concentrations of diatoms. The stationary piston method was used to obtain samples from depths of between five and 100 m. Samples were subsequently examined in the laboratory, being subjected to triaxial and oedometer compression tests, and tested also for Atterberg limits and grain size distributions. Test results for undisturbed soil returned very high liquid limit values, compressibility indices CC, secondary compression coefficients Cα, and soil structure effects. Some samples showed particle mixtures of different sizes, mineralogy, and diatom concentrations. Although high CC and Cα indices explain the excessive settling of the city’s buildings, most construction projects do not currently take settlement caused by secondary compression into account. This report shows that secondary compression is an important parameter in the total settlement of buildings in Bogotá and that, furthermore, settlement is also affected by geological history. Finally, useful correlations such as the relationship between the liquid limit, Cα and geological history are presented.  相似文献   
9.
《Soils and Foundations》2022,62(6):101224
Internal erosion is a major threat to hydraulic earth structures, such as river levees and dams. This paper focuses on suffusion and suffosion phenomena which are caused by the movement of fine particles in the granular skeleton due to seepage flow. The present study investigates the impact of internal erosion on the dynamic response under cyclic torsional shear and monotonic responses under triaxial compression and torsional simple shear. A series of experiments, using a gap-graded silica mixture with a fines content of 20%, is performed under loose, medium, and dense conditions using a novel erosion hollow cylindrical torsional shear apparatus. The erosion test results indicate that the critical hydraulic gradient and the rate of erosion are density-dependent, where a transition from suffosion to suffusion is observed as the seepage continues. Regardless of the sample density, variations in the radial strain and particle size distribution, along the specimen height after erosion, are no longer uniform. Furthermore, the dynamic shearing results show that the small-strain shear modulus increases, but the initial damping ratio decreases after internal erosion, probably due to the removal of free fines. In addition, the elastic threshold strain and reference shear strain values are found to be higher for the eroded and non-eroded specimens, respectively. Finally, based on drained monotonic loading, the post-erosion peak stress ratio increases remarkably under triaxial compression, while that under torsional simple shear depends on the relative density where the direction of loading is normal to the direction of seepage. These observations indicate that the horizontal bedding plane becomes weaker, while the vertical one becomes stronger after downward erosion.  相似文献   
10.
The freeze–thaw cycling damages the soil structure, and the shear performance of soil are degraded. A series of tests on lime–soil(L–S) and fiber–lime–soil(F–L–S), including freeze–thaw test, the triaxial compression test, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) test and scanning electron microscope (SEM) test, were completed. The test results showed that fiber reinforcement changed the stress–strain behavior and failure pattern of soil. The cohesion and internal friction angle of soil gradually decreased with the increase of freeze–thaw cycles (F–T cycles). The pore radius and porosity of soil increased, while the micro pore volume decreased, and the small pore volume, medium pore volume and large pore volume increased, and the large pore volume had a little variation after 10 F–T cycles. The number of pores of F–L–S was less than L–S, demonstrating that the addition of fiber helped to reduce the pore volume. The interweaved fibers limited the development and the connection of cracks. By means of the spatial restraint effect of fiber on the soil and the friction action between fiber and soil, the shear performances and freeze–thaw durability of F–L–S better were than that of L–S.  相似文献   
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