Experimental investigation on the invert stability of operating railway tunnels with different drainage systems using 3D printing technology

In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently, which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure (EWP). By means of a three-dimensional (3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system (TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system (ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice, including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 kPa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.     

列车贮藏方式对生猪肉原料新鲜度的影响研究

探究夏季高温期某铁路局集团公司旅客列车贮藏条件下生猪肉原料的品质变化,为改善餐车生猪肉保存及取用方式、保障旅客列车食品安全提供可靠依据。在实验室条件下模拟该列车餐车实际条件下生猪肉贮藏及取用方式:将生猪肉分别在4℃(冷藏)和-10℃(冷冻)两种条件下贮藏,再解冻,使用,再贮藏。通过猪肉的色泽、气味、组织状态感官指标以及挥发性盐基氮(TVB-N)、硫化氢、球蛋白沉淀理化指标的变化为依据,来评价猪肉的新鲜度。结果表明:夏季高温期间,该铁路局集团公司列车生猪肉原料,在4℃冷藏贮存条件下,有2d保质期,在-10℃冷冻贮藏条件下,10d内猪肉品质能够保持新鲜,满足铁路运输的时限要求。该铁路公司列车贮藏和使用生猪肉符合规范,用肉时限在保质期范围内,能够保证全年时段肉质新鲜安全。为保障铁路旅客的食品安全,生猪肉原料应贮存在制冷效果良好的冷冻冰箱内,取用肉类置于冷藏保存的,应在2d内使用完毕。     

A Restart Control Method for Position Sensorless PMSM Drive Systems Without Potential Transformer for Railway Vehicle Traction

This paper proposes a restart control method for position sensorless PMSM drive systems without a potential transformer for railway vehicle traction. This method can estimate the initial rotor speed and position under coasting conditions over the entire speed range. The method can also be used when the back‐EMF voltage is higher than the inverter DC link voltage. The proposed method is verified by experiments using a 200‐kW PMSM.     

Experiment and Simulation of Metal Flow in Multi-stage Forming Process of Railway Wheel

To investigate the metal flow during the railway wheel forming process,experiments and finite element method(FEM)simulation were carried out.An axisymmetric modeling for the wheel rolling process was proposed to predict the metal flow in radial direction,by which the whole multi-stage forming process could be simulated in axisymmetric and integral way.The result shows that the axisymmetric simulation method was an effective method to explore the metal flow in radial direction and to analyze the relationships of tools motion during the wheel rolling.The detail information about metal flow in railway wheel forming process was obtained.The metal in the wheel web was from the area near the half radius of the original billet;the chill zone of the billet became an envelope of the rim and part of the web with a maximum thickness of about 6mm below the tread.At the wheel rolling stage,the metal in the rim flowed towards the web;the metal near the surfaces of the conjunction region between the web and rim suffered severe shear deformation.     

Use of Modelica language to simulate electrified railway lines and trains

Simulation of multi-engineering systems typically requires many issues to be solved, which are to be addressed by developing appropriate modeling and simulation programming techniques. In the last years, the authors have participated in several studies in which they analyzed in detail electrified railway systems and simulated them using Modelica language. After a few years of study, despite the huge complexity of these systems, it has appeared evident that Modelica language is very well suited and able to effectively solve the typical issues they present. While specific railway system simulations have already been discussed in specific papers, whose focus was on application and actual results, in this paper, the authors show how to use Modelica language to solve specific modeling issues through suitable programming techniques. Moreover, the issues to be solved and the conceived techniques may be interpreted in a general way and to be applied also in different engineering domains. Finally, this paper briefly recalls the principal results obtained in previous specific papers, in which these techniques were fully implemented.     

SJ5型烧结车改进

介绍了铁路运输分公司SJ₅型烧结车的运行状态,阐述了牙,型烧结车的结构,分析了该车各部分存在的问题,针对存在的问题采取了改进措施使问题得以解决。     

高速铁路车辆用涂料的需求

阐述了中国高速铁路的现状、相关标准、特点、施工以及发展趋势,对高铁涂料技术的改进和生产提供明确的方向和技术参数指标。     

危险化学品及其装卸作业分析

随着国民经济发展,危险化学品应用越来越广。与一般化学品相比,危化品常表现出强氧化性、腐蚀性、挥发性以及火灾爆炸危险性等,其装卸作业存在一定安全隐患。介绍了硫酸、盐酸、氢氧化钠及液氨等常见危化品及其装卸流程,指出相关注意事项,旨在加强安全隐患意识,提高操作安全性。     

锂电池在轨道交通车辆上的使用研究

比较轨道交通车辆上电池的使用情况,分析锂电池的性能及在车辆上的优势,锂电池可以在轨道车辆上广泛使用。