凌庄子水厂保水堰流量系数试验

凌庄子水厂蓄水池进水口处有一保水堰,为非标准薄壁堰,不能使用已有堰流公式对其过流量进行准确计算。为了得出较为精确的过流流量,按照重力相似准则制作几何比尺为1∶5的模型进行试验研究。在已有自由出流公式的基础上,对自由出流流量系数进行修正并对淹没情况下流量变化过程进行研究。对该非标准堰自由出流流量系数的实测值与经验值进行分析比较,发现堰板槽降低了实际自由出流过流能力。淹没出流的流量系数主要与下游尾水位有关,试验中形成的淹没式堰流受实际堰型尺寸影响,下游尾水位和堰上水位近似相等,不完全适用已有淹没出流流量公式,通过试验给出了修正淹没系数随h/p的变化关系。结果表明利用堰前、堰后水位初步计算过流流量是可行的,可为该工程提供参考,也可为实际工程中非标准矩形堰的流量计算提供思路。     

往复活塞式压缩机活塞杆温度高故障分析及改造

针对2台2D40型空气压缩机在实际试机过程中,活塞杆温度过高,导致连锁报警,压缩机不能正常工作的问题进行了详细的故障原因分析;对压缩机技术性能参数进行介绍;对压缩机的损伤情况进行说明并找到改造方案,解决机组运行中活塞杆温度过高的问题,从而提高机组的运行效率,使机组运行安全、稳定。     

Mass transfer area in a multi-stage high-speed disperser with split packing

In this study, the mean droplet diameter in the cavity zone and the total mass transfer area of a multi-stage highspeed disperser(HSD) reactor with different packing combinations were measured and evaluated. The effects of rotational speed and packing radius, as well as the packing ring radius and numbers, on the mean droplet diameter and the total mass transfer area were evaluated. A model was established to calculate the mass transfer area in the cavity zone in the HSD reactor, and it was found that the packings contribute 61%–82% of the total mass transfer area. A correlation for predicting the mass transfer area in the packing zone was regressed by the dimensionless analysis method. An enhancement factor based on the mass transfer area in the packing zone was proposed to evaluate the effect of packing combination on mass transfer area. Two optimum packing combinations were proposed in consideration of the mean droplet diameter and the enhancement factor.     

纳米TiO2流体表面改性及对真空闪蒸制冰的影响

利用电镜扫描法、紫外分光光度法及烘干称重法对纳米TiO₂流体的分散稳定性进行了综合评价，研究了表面活性剂种类及浓度对其分散稳定性的影响。将纳米TiO₂流体引入真空闪蒸制取冰浆系统，研究了纳米TiO₂浓度、表面活性剂浓度及对吸附作用下纳米TiO₂流体真空闪蒸制冰的影响。结果表明，表面活性剂类型对纳米TiO₂流体分散稳定性的影响很大，复合型的分散稳定性最佳，其次是阴离子型；纳米粒子及表面活性剂可以增强真空下纳米TiO₂流体的成核效果，增大含冰率，降低过冷度；表面活性剂浓度是影响真空闪蒸制冰系统压力及闪蒸率的重要因素，系统压力及闪蒸率均随着表面活性剂浓度的增大而增大；另外，确定了在吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰系统中使用纳米TiO₂流体的最佳条件。在最佳条件下，含冰率为18.35%，过冷度为0.51℃，热导率为0.920W/(m·K)，对比蒸馏水有较大改善。吸附作用下真空闪蒸制冰可行性较高，制取冰浆效果优良。     

A tool for mass transfer evaluation in packed-bed columns for chemical engineering students

This paper presents a Microsoft Excel tool to calculate liquid-gas mass transfer coefficients in packed towers to support numerical design activities in the courses of Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design for the Master’s degree in Chemical Engineering of the University of Naples Federico II (Italy).The Mass Transfer Solver Tool (MT Solver Tool) uses several available models to estimate, separately, the values of liquid and gas mass-transfer coefficients and the wet surface area for 144 random and structured packings of interest for absorption/stripping and distillation processes. In addition, a separate spreadsheet can be used in a user-defined mode, to evaluate the mass transfer coefficients with new packing types or to interpret experimental data when the geometrical and physical characteristics of the packing are known. Eventually, the tool is supplied with a data library, where packing geometry and model fitting parameters can be retrieved.The software is aimed to support students and educators in the Unit Operations for Industrial Process and Sustainable Process Design courses. In particular, this is meant to be an example on how the accuracy of design algorithms adopted in unit operation processes is affected by the use of the underpinning correlations for mass transfer rate or pressure drops. Besides, this is aimed to encourage comparison of different correlations when exact field data are not available. Besides, chemical engineers and researchers interested in packed columns design and modelling data may also benefit from the utilization of the software. The MT Solver Tool was introduced to students in a dedicated tutorial lesson after lecturers on packed column design algorithms for distillation, absorption and stripping. Most of the students of the course participated to a group training aimed to simulate the design of an absorption column supported by the MT Solver Tool providing feedback on its application.After the training, an anonymous survey was proposed to the students to monitor the approval rating of the proposed activity and the use of the MT Solver Tool software to support numerical calculations.     

新型AMBBR-MBBR-MBR工艺处理紫外线吸附剂厂废水

根据传统工艺处理紫外线吸附剂厂UV-P废水中高级氧化作为预处理成本高,单一A₂O生化工艺出水不稳定,并且出水污染物浓度高等缺点,首先采用零价铁强化水解和预曝气作为预处理,以新型AMBBR-MBBR-MBR工艺进行处理。工程MBBR采用三维多孔泡沫陶瓷填料为生物载体,MBR采用Si O₂平板陶瓷膜。长期调试运行效果表明,出水水质优于≤城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准≥GB 18918-2002表1中一级A标准,即COD<50 mg/L,氨氮<5 mg/L,总氮<15 mg/L,硝基苯<2.0 mg/L,挥发酚<0.5 mg/L,苯胺类<0.5 mg/L等。水处理运行费用为4.9元/m³。     

多晶硅生产中残液搅拌罐密封结构的改造

在处理多晶硅生产中产生的残液时,残液搅拌罐填料密封出现泄漏,针对此问题提出了优化措施,达到了预期效果。     

2号连铸机矩形坯断面改造与生产实践

福建罗源闽光根据三钢（集团）发展规划需要,在2号连铸机150 mm×150 mm断面的基础之上,增加160 mm×230 mm矩形坯断面。通过设备改造和工艺参数优化,在满足铸坯质量的前提下,达到炉机匹配与快速切换断面的双目标,满足了生产要求。     

自然循环窄矩形通道内过冷沸腾两相摩擦阻力特性

采用去离子水作为实验工质，在低压低流速自然循环工况下开展了单面加热可视化窄矩形通道内的过冷沸腾摩擦阻力特性实验研究。实验中测量了实验段内的压降数据，并通过高速摄影仪拍摄了窄矩形通道内的气液两相图像，提出了过冷沸腾条件下的两相摩擦压降的剥离计算方法。基于本实验中获得摩擦压降数据，对分别基于均相流模型和分液相模型的经典两相摩擦压降计算关系式进行了评估，实验结果表明：采用不同等效黏度计算方法的均相流模型计算结果比实验值明显偏小；而分相流模型中，Sun and Mishiba关系式和Tran关系式均能够较好地预测摩擦阻力，计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差在±15%以内。结合实验数据，以分相流模型方法为基础，考虑全液相Reynolds数、Martinelli参数和Laplace数的影响，获得了计算分液相折算系数的经验关系式，与实验数据符合较好, 平均相对误差在10%范围内。