基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中的应用

系统阐述了基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中测量爆破漏斗体积的基本原理,并将隧道激光断面仪应用于金厂河矿1 750 m水平15^#采场底部切割巷道爆破漏斗试验爆破漏斗体积测量中。通过与传统体重法等计算法所得漏斗体积分析比较,结果表明基于隧道激光断面仪与3D Mine软件分析的基准平面垂直断面法实用性强、操作方便、结果直观可靠,达到试验预期目的。     

低功耗高性能的全MOS电压基准源设计

设计了一种基于亚阈值技术的全MOS电压基准源,采用共源共栅结构来增大PSRR,使用MOS管代替电阻,优化温度特性,使电路中大部分MOS管工作于亚阈值区。基于0.18μm CMOS工艺进行设计、版图绘制、和前、后仿真,在后仿真中得出相关参数值。对各参数做出详细分析,包括:一定温度范围内的温度系数;常温下基准输出电压;不同电源电压条件下的线性调整率、基准源静态电流及功耗,并对不同频率下的电源电压抑制比进行了对比。实验结果表明达到了低功耗高性能的设计目标。     

Reference governors and maximal output admissible sets for linear periodic systems

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider the problem of constraint management in Linear Periodic (LP) systems using Reference Governors (RG). First, we introduce the periodic-invariant maximal output admissible sets for LP systems. We extend the earlier results in the literature to Lyapunov stable LP systems with output constraints, which arise in RG applications. We show that, while the invariant sets for these systems may not be finitely determined, a finitely-determined inner approximation, which is periodically invariant, can be obtained by constraint tightening. We then analyze the geometric and algebraic relationship between these sets and show that these sets are related via simple transformations, implying that it suffices to compute only one of them for real-time applications. This greatly reduces the memory burden of RG (or other similar constraint management strategies), at the expense of an increase in processing requirements. We present a thorough analysis of this trade-off. In the second part of this paper, we present two RG formulations, and discuss their properties and algorithms for their computation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.     

电动静液压主动悬架双滑模控制研究

为了抑制电动静液压作动器（EHA）主动悬架作动器输出主动力的脉动，改善车辆的动态性能，提出了一种EHA主动悬架双滑模控制策略。建立了EHA主动悬架动力学模型，设计了基于模型参考的外环滑模控制器和电机内环滑模控制器，仿真分析了不同路面激励下该悬架的输出主动力特性和车辆动态特性，并开展了台架试验测试。结果表明，双滑模控制策略能够抑制电机输出主动力所产生的脉动，使实际输出主动力有效跟踪理想主动力，提高了EHA主动悬架的动态特性。     

食品中基体标准物质研究进展

国内食品行业问题频出,为了保障食品质量安全,食品标准物质在产品检验和质量控制中不可或缺。由于食品基质复杂,使得许多食品单纯采用纯品标准品已难以满足校准检测体系要求,需结合基体标准物质进行校准。与纯品标准物质相比,基体标准物质为目标化合物和基体结合,与真实检测样品更一致,可以保障测试结果的准确性和质量控制的有效性。我国在纯度标准物质方面的研究已经比较完善,但在复杂基体方面的研究与发达国家仍存在一些差距。本文综述了食品中基体标准物质研究进展,包括国内外食品基体标准物质现状及要求、标准物质研究存在的问题,以期为食品基体标准物质的研制及发展提供一定的参考。     

阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质研制

目的采用冷冻干燥技术制备均匀性和稳定性符合要求的阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质,用于实验室内部质量控制。方法对使用菌株阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列、质谱特征进行确认。采用冷冻干燥技术制备含量为103 CFU/样品的菌球。参照CNAS-GL29《标准物质/标准样品定值的一般原则和统计方法》,对20件样品进行均匀性检验,采用单因素方差分析对结果进行统计分析。将样品分别于-20、2、37℃条件下保藏,对其储藏稳定性和运输稳定性进行评价。组织5家实验室进行协同标定。使用20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质对阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质的使用效果进行确认。结果阪崎克罗诺杆菌(45403)生化鉴定结果、16SrRNA序列的NCBIGenebank比对结果、质谱鉴定结果均为阪崎克罗诺杆菌(Cronobacter sakazakii)。采用单因素方差分析进行均匀性检验, F=1.067, P=0.442,符合标准物质的要求。于-20℃保藏170 d,于25、37℃保藏14d后,样品仍然稳定。经5家实验室协同标定,样品含量均为103 CFU/样品。20件婴儿配方乳粉作为基质加入阪崎克罗诺杆菌标准物质进行检验,均可以检出。结论阪崎克罗诺杆菌(CMCC45403)的生化特征、16SrRNA序列分析、蛋白飞行质谱特征均符合克罗诺杆菌属的典型特征。均匀性、储藏稳定性、运输稳定性及适用性的验证实验结果均符合标准物质的要求。     

Robust adaptive control for unmatched systems with guaranteed parameter estimation convergence

This paper provides a modified model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme to achieve better transient control performance for systems with unknown unmatched dynamics, where an adaptive law with guaranteed convergence is introduced. We first revisit the standard MRAC system and analyze the tracking error bound by using L₂‐norm and Cauchy‐Schwartz inequality. Based on this analysis, we suggest a feasible way to compensate the undesired transient dynamics induced by the gradient descent–based adaptive laws subject to sluggish convergence or even parameter drift. Then, a modified adaptive law with an alternative leakage term containing the parameter estimation error is developed. With this adaptive law, the convergence of both the estimation error and tracking error can be proved simultaneously. This enhanced convergence property can contribute to deriving smoother control signal and improved control response. Moreover, this paper provides a simple and numerically feasible approach to online verify the well‐known persistent excitation condition by testing the positive definiteness of an introduced auxiliary matrix. Comparative simulations based on a benchmark 3‐DOF helicopter model are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MRAC approach and show the improved performance over several other MRAC schemes.     

What is a crystal to the new chemical crystallographer,after that first,automated structure analysis?

This educational review postulates the importance of maintaining an adequate level of crystallographic education among structure-dependent scientists whose interests are not primarily in crystallography, at a time when automation and validation have made it possible to obtain high-quality structure analyses in many cases with a minimum of crystallographic background. The topics addressed are intended to form a second round of crystallographic education for a novice user whose first round involved hands-on experience with structure solution and an introduction to elementary concepts. The specific topics, chosen for their relevance as basic knowledge and their lack of emphasis in many formal treatments, are (1) crystallographic reference frames and the utility of the reciprocal cell in geometrical calculations; (2) the relationship between the two concepts that constitute our model of the crystal, namely the unit cell and the lattice; (3) the manner in which an atom is represented in concept and in practice; (4) the importance of interleaved symmetry elements required by the presence of additional symmetry on a lattice; (5) the harnessing of the natural properties of the crystalline state for the potential manipulation of properties of synthetic crystals; and (6) useful terminology for navigating a crystal structure.     

基于混合参考阻抗法的风电场谐波发射水平评估

风电逆变器的LCL滤波器和风电场的无功补偿设备致使风电场侧谐波阻抗并非远大于系统侧谐波阻抗,因此在评估风电场PCC点两侧的谐波发射水平的同时必须考虑PCC点两侧谐波阻抗。对此,提出一种基于混合参考阻抗的风电场谐波发射水平评估方法。系统侧谐波阻抗仅通过测量数据评估得出,风电场侧的参考谐波阻抗值通过风电场内元件的参数计算得出。针对LCL滤波器参数的难以获取性,提出一种LCL滤波器参数估计方法,并考虑元件参数的变化,计算出风电场侧谐波阻抗的边界值,并以其平均值作为风电场侧谐波阻抗的参考值。最后通过仿真和实测数据分析验证了本文方法的有效性。研究成果可为风电场谐波发射水平评估提供参考。