基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中的应用

系统阐述了基准平面垂直断面法在爆破漏斗试验中测量爆破漏斗体积的基本原理,并将隧道激光断面仪应用于金厂河矿1 750 m水平15^#采场底部切割巷道爆破漏斗试验爆破漏斗体积测量中。通过与传统体重法等计算法所得漏斗体积分析比较,结果表明基于隧道激光断面仪与3D Mine软件分析的基准平面垂直断面法实用性强、操作方便、结果直观可靠,达到试验预期目的。     

低功耗高性能的全MOS电压基准源设计

设计了一种基于亚阈值技术的全MOS电压基准源,采用共源共栅结构来增大PSRR,使用MOS管代替电阻,优化温度特性,使电路中大部分MOS管工作于亚阈值区。基于0.18μm CMOS工艺进行设计、版图绘制、和前、后仿真,在后仿真中得出相关参数值。对各参数做出详细分析,包括:一定温度范围内的温度系数;常温下基准输出电压;不同电源电压条件下的线性调整率、基准源静态电流及功耗,并对不同频率下的电源电压抑制比进行了对比。实验结果表明达到了低功耗高性能的设计目标。     

Reference governors and maximal output admissible sets for linear periodic systems

ABSTRACT

In this paper, we consider the problem of constraint management in Linear Periodic (LP) systems using Reference Governors (RG). First, we introduce the periodic-invariant maximal output admissible sets for LP systems. We extend the earlier results in the literature to Lyapunov stable LP systems with output constraints, which arise in RG applications. We show that, while the invariant sets for these systems may not be finitely determined, a finitely-determined inner approximation, which is periodically invariant, can be obtained by constraint tightening. We then analyze the geometric and algebraic relationship between these sets and show that these sets are related via simple transformations, implying that it suffices to compute only one of them for real-time applications. This greatly reduces the memory burden of RG (or other similar constraint management strategies), at the expense of an increase in processing requirements. We present a thorough analysis of this trade-off. In the second part of this paper, we present two RG formulations, and discuss their properties and algorithms for their computation. Numerical simulations demonstrate the efficacy of the approach.     

Robust adaptive control for unmatched systems with guaranteed parameter estimation convergence

This paper provides a modified model reference adaptive control (MRAC) scheme to achieve better transient control performance for systems with unknown unmatched dynamics, where an adaptive law with guaranteed convergence is introduced. We first revisit the standard MRAC system and analyze the tracking error bound by using L₂‐norm and Cauchy‐Schwartz inequality. Based on this analysis, we suggest a feasible way to compensate the undesired transient dynamics induced by the gradient descent–based adaptive laws subject to sluggish convergence or even parameter drift. Then, a modified adaptive law with an alternative leakage term containing the parameter estimation error is developed. With this adaptive law, the convergence of both the estimation error and tracking error can be proved simultaneously. This enhanced convergence property can contribute to deriving smoother control signal and improved control response. Moreover, this paper provides a simple and numerically feasible approach to online verify the well‐known persistent excitation condition by testing the positive definiteness of an introduced auxiliary matrix. Comparative simulations based on a benchmark 3‐DOF helicopter model are given to validate the effectiveness of the proposed MRAC approach and show the improved performance over several other MRAC schemes.     

What is a crystal to the new chemical crystallographer,after that first,automated structure analysis?

This educational review postulates the importance of maintaining an adequate level of crystallographic education among structure-dependent scientists whose interests are not primarily in crystallography, at a time when automation and validation have made it possible to obtain high-quality structure analyses in many cases with a minimum of crystallographic background. The topics addressed are intended to form a second round of crystallographic education for a novice user whose first round involved hands-on experience with structure solution and an introduction to elementary concepts. The specific topics, chosen for their relevance as basic knowledge and their lack of emphasis in many formal treatments, are (1) crystallographic reference frames and the utility of the reciprocal cell in geometrical calculations; (2) the relationship between the two concepts that constitute our model of the crystal, namely the unit cell and the lattice; (3) the manner in which an atom is represented in concept and in practice; (4) the importance of interleaved symmetry elements required by the presence of additional symmetry on a lattice; (5) the harnessing of the natural properties of the crystalline state for the potential manipulation of properties of synthetic crystals; and (6) useful terminology for navigating a crystal structure.     

含多种农药残留的茶叶自然污染基质标准样品的研制

目的 建立了基于药物代谢的含多种农药残留的茶叶基质标准物质的研制与定值方法。方法 在茶树种植过程中喷施农药,使药物在茶树中自然代谢,从而获得有农药残留的自然污染样本,比较了不同制茶工艺及辐照灭菌对农药残留的影响,经均质、真空包装及辐照处理,获得了一批含有多种农药残留的茶叶自然污染样本。结果 经均匀性和稳定性检验,表明样本在最小取样量下的瓶间及瓶内均匀性良好,室温下可稳定保存至少60日。结论 所研制的标准样品为自然污染的茶叶,与日常检测样品基质完全一致,可应用于相关检测方法的开发、验证和检测结果的质量控制等。     

含亚硝酸盐猪肉粉参考物质研制方法的探究

目的 建立一种制备含目标浓度NaNO2猪肉粉参考物质的可行方法。方法 将一定浓度的NaNO2溶液加入生鲜猪肉馅中, 考察不同时间点生鲜猪肉中NaNO2的残留量; 生鲜猪肉加入一定浓度的NaNO2, 常压蒸煮沸后考察不同时间点肉中NaNO2的残留量; 考察烘干法和冷冻干燥法对猪肉粉中NaNO2残留量的影响。结果 通过实验结果和数据分析, 生鲜猪肉常压煮熟粉碎制得肉糜, 放冷后浸泡于一定浓度的NaNO2溶液中, 浸泡后的肉糜装瓶或铺盘后在80 ℃预冻条件下预冻1 h, 冷冻机的操作压力控制在0.06~0.2 Mbar之间, 冷冻干燥的温度设置不超过30 ℃, 解析干燥温度设置在10~30 ℃, 在此条件下进行冷冻干燥, 过筛混匀, 最终制得含目标浓度的NaNO2猪肉粉参考物质。结论 该方法可以快速准确制得含目标浓度NaNO2的猪肉粉参考物质, 对实际食品检测和食品安全的控制起到重要作用。     

Adaptive control of unactuated dynamical systems through interconnections: Stability and performance guarantees

This article studies control and performance enforcement for a class of uncertain dynamical systems that consist of actuated and unactuated portions physically interconnected to each other. The proposed approach stabilizes the overall interconnected system in the presence of unknown physical interconnections as well as system uncertainties. Performance guarantees are enforced, individually, on the actuated as well as unactuated portions of the interconnected system via this approach. For enforcing these performance guarantees, a set-theoretic model reference adaptive control approach is used, in conjunction with linear matrix inequalities, to restrict the respective system error trajectories of the actuated and unactuated dynamics inside a priori, user-defined compact sets. The efficacy of the proposed approach is demonstrated using simulations.     

A pseudo-likelihood approach for estimating diagnostic accuracy of multiple binary medical tests

Latent class models with crossed subject-specific and test(rater)-specific random effects have been proposed to estimate the diagnostic accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of a group of binary tests or binary ratings. However, the computation of these models are hindered by their complicated Monte Carlo Expectation–Maximization (MCEM) algorithm. In this article, a class of pseudo-likelihood functions is developed for conducting statistical inference with crossed random-effects latent class models in diagnostic medicine. Theoretically, the maximum pseudo-likelihood estimation is still consistent and has asymptotic normality. Numerically, our results show that not only the pseudo-likelihood approach significantly reduces the computational time, but it has comparable efficiency relative to the MCEM algorithm. In addition, dimension-wise likelihood, one of the proposed pseudo-likelihoods, demonstrates its superior performance in estimating sensitivity and specificity.