冷低压分离器油相系统铵盐垢下腐蚀风险的模拟预测

为探究某加氢装置高压换热器管束腐蚀泄漏原因，利用Aspen Plus工艺模拟软件计算了冷低压分离器油相（简称冷低分油）中水质量分数分别为1%,2%,3%时，冷低分油系统的露点温度、氯化铵结晶温度、氯化铵潮解点温度和相对湿度。结果表明：相较于经验的露点温度预测方法，通过引入潮解点、划分系统“湿环境”温度范围判断氯化铵垢下腐蚀风险区域的方法与实际腐蚀案例更为切合；在3种油相含水条件下，换热器管束存在氯化铵垢下腐蚀的“湿环境”温度范围分别为：50~103 ℃,50~161 ℃,50~176 ℃；随着油相中含水量的提高，“湿环境”腐蚀区域逐渐向高温部位迁移，预计铵盐导致的垢下腐蚀将会愈加严重。     

Designing amorphous formulations of polyphenols with naringin by spray-drying for enhanced solubility and permeability

Naringin (NAR), a major flavanone (FVA) glycoside, is a component of food mainly obtained from grapefruit. We used NAR as a food additive to improve the solubility and permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols used as supplements in the food industry. The spray-dried particles (SDPs) of NAR alone show an amorphous state with a glass transition temperature (T_g) at 93.2 °C. SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols, such as flavone (FVO), quercetin (QCT), naringenin (NRG), and resveratrol (RVT) were prepared by adding varying amounts of NAR. All SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols with added NAR were in an amorphous state with a single T_g, but SDPs of hydrophobic polyphenols without added NAR showed diffraction peaks derived from each crystal. The SDPs with NAR could keep an amorphous state after storage at a high humidity condition for one month, except for SDPs of RVT/NAR. SDPs with NAR enhanced the solubility of hydrophobic polyphenols, especially NRG solubility, which was enhanced more than 9 times compared to NRG crystal. The enhanced solubility resulted in the increased membrane permeability of NRG. The antioxidant effect of the hydrophobic NRG was also enhanced by the synergetic effect of NAR. The findings demonstrated that NAR could be used as a food additive to enhance the solubility and membrane permeability of hydrophobic polyphenols.     

鲟鱼传统发酵过程中挥发性风味物质的分析评价

以鲟鱼为原料,采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法,研究其发酵过程中挥发性风味物质种类和相对含量的变化情况,结合感觉阈值,采用相对气味活度值评价挥发性风味物质对总体风味的影响,探讨发酵过程中的关键性风味物质。分别检测新鲜鲟鱼,腌制鲟鱼,发酵5、10、20、25、35 d 7个阶段的挥发性风味物质,结果表明:新鲜、腌制、发酵5、10、20、25、35 d 7个阶段的挥发性风味物质种类分别为38、48、66、72、75、76种和84种。新鲜鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为2,4-癸二烯醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、壬醛、癸醛、己醛等;腌制后的鲟鱼肉主体风味物质为壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、己醛、癸醛、柠檬烯等;发酵5 d鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为1-辛烯-3-醇、柠檬烯、壬醛、乙酸乙酯、庚醇等;发酵10 d鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸乙酯、柠檬烯、癸醛等;发酵20 d鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为壬醛、柠檬烯、1-辛烯-3-醇、癸醛、乙酸乙酯等;发酵25 d鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为壬醛、柠檬烯、1-辛烯-3-醇、乙酸乙酯、癸醛等;发酵35 d鲟鱼肉的主体风味物质为乙酸乙酯、柠檬烯、壬醛、1-辛烯-3-醇、庚醇等。     

Comparison of γ-aminobutyric acid accumulation capability in different mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties under heat and relative humidity treatment,and its correlation with endogenous amino acids and polyamines

In this study, the accumulation of GABA and its inherent factors across different varieties of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) in response to heat and relative humidity (HRH) were investigated. Results showed the average GABA content in mung bean varieties was increased 7.52 times following HRH treatment, and the black mung bean variety (A8) exhibited the highest GABA accumulation capability (1.76–84.57 mg per 100 g DW). From the perspective of GABA shunt metabolites, the free glutamic acid content of mung beans significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment and presented a significant correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content. In polyamine degradation pathway, although the average levels of spermine and spermidine of mung bean varieties significantly decreased (P < 0.05) after HRH treatment, no significant correlation with GABA content was identified. Hence, the GABA accumulation was predominantly attributed to GABA shunt. Besides, free amino acids including glutamic acid, serine, ornithine, arginine and glycine in mung beans showed a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) with GABA content and increment following HRH treatment, which suggested that mung beans enriched in these free amino acids might accumulate higher amounts of GABA after HRH treatment and be useful for industrial applications.     

Nonlinear modal analysis via non‐parametric machine learning tools

Modal analysis is an important tool in the structural dynamics community; it is widely utilised to understand and investigate the dynamical characteristics of linear structures. Many methods have been proposed in recent years regarding the extension to nonlinear analysis, such as nonlinear normal modes or the method of normal forms, with the main objective being to formulate a mathematical model of a nonlinear dynamical structure based on observations of input/output data from the dynamical system. In fact, for the majority of structures where the effect of nonlinearity becomes significant, nonlinear modal analysis is a necessity. The objective of the current paper is to demonstrate a machine learning approach to output‐only nonlinear modal decomposition using kernel independent component analysis and locally linear‐embedding analysis. The key element is to demonstrate a pattern recognition approach which exploits the idea of independence of principal components from the linear theory by learning the nonlinear manifold between the variables. In this work, the importance of output‐only modal analysis via “blind source” separation tools is highlighted as the excitation input/force is not needed and the method can be implemented directly via experimental data signals without worrying about the presence or not of specific nonlinearities in the structure.     

相对冲击位置和补片层数对胶接修理CFRP复合材料层合板抗冲击性能的影响

本文针对碳纤维增强聚合物（CFRP）复合材料修补结构，基于连续损伤力学和粘结单元模型，在ABAQUS软件中对低速冲击载荷下不同冲击位置和补片层数的CFRP复合材料层合板内部和层间损伤进行了数值分析，并与试验结果进行了对比。选择相对冲击位置为0 mm、10 mm、20 mm、30 mm和40 mm时对应的五种修补结构，通过数值计算和试验，获得了修补结构在低速冲击过程中的冲击力、冲击能量等数据。在保持补片单层厚度不变的前提下，使补片层数从1层增加到5层，计算获得了修补结构的低速冲击响应。研究结果表明：冲头接触修补结构时会对补片造成较大的损伤，补片可以提高含孔损伤母板的抗冲击性能；冲击点离修补结构损伤孔越近，结构受冲击所产生的分层损伤越严重；增加补片的层数可以提高修补结构的抗冲击性能；通过对补片层数进行优化，得到优化层数为2，其对应的修补结构与无修补结构相比分层损伤面积减少了19.9%，较好地提升了母板的抗冲击性能。     

地震约束建模的强非均质碳酸盐岩储层波阻抗反演

塔里木盆地深部碳酸盐岩储层以次生溶蚀孔、洞、缝为主，空间分布具有极强的非均质性。传统的"相控建模"、"岩溶建模"和"碳酸盐岩储层相控建模"方法均不能准确刻画储层分布特征。为此，提出地震约束建模方法：首先基于线性反演去除资料的AVO效应获得纯纵波数据，然后结合测井信息计算相对波阻抗，并进一步转化为绝对波阻抗属性定量质控波阻抗反演质量。采用的建模方法本质上属于确定性建模，流程包括纯纵波数据提取、相对阻抗计算、振幅约束低频建模、波阻抗反演等。ZG8井区的实例分析证实：基于纯纵波振幅约束建模的反演方法可以避免传统插值建模方法受井资料影响大的局限，克服了常规融合层速度等建模方法精度不高的缺陷，准确反演了强非均质储层的分布规律。     

30号硬质道路沥青组成结构对使用性能影响的机理研究

30号硬质道路沥青对提高路面高温稳定性能有显著效果,为探索影响沥青质量的内在因素,以溶剂脱沥青工艺制备的阿曼30号沥青和沙中30号沥青为研究对象,研究组成结构对使用性能的影响机理。结果表明,两种30号沥青均满足GB/T 15180—2010的要求,相比沙中30号沥青,阿曼30号沥青具有较好的高低温性能、抗老化性能和感温性能。组成结构研究表明,沥青的使用性能与其组成结构有着重大关联,不仅与组成存在比例关系,同时也与其内部结构紧密相关。相对于沙中30号沥青,阿曼30号沥青中各组分相对分子质量分布较宽,同时平均相对分子质量较高,各组分之间f_A,H/C,R_A/R_N,H_(AU)C_A等结构参数的差异性较小,胶体稳定指标I_c较高,主要组分芳香分、胶质和沥青质具有较长的侧链。高胶体稳定系数、较宽的相对分子质量分布、较小的组分结构差异性和具有长侧链等特点有利于形成稳定的胶体结构,进而使30号沥青体现出良好的高低温性能和抗老化性能。     

5种脱色剂对粗鱼油挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸组成的影响

为探究凹凸棒土、硅藻土、活性炭、沸石及活性白土5种脱色剂对粗鱼油挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸组成的影响,采用气相色谱仪和顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用仪,对脱色鱼油的挥发性风味物质及脂肪酸的相对含量进行测定分析,并结合感觉阈值确定该鱼油主体风味成分。结果表明,赋予鱼油腥味、脂肪香味、蜡香等主要风味的壬醛、己醛、2-壬酮,其相对含量经脱色后有明显降低,风味改善效果显著。脱色后,鱼油的饱和脂肪酸相对含量呈下降趋势,而不饱和脂肪酸的相对含量则有增加趋势;酸价与过氧化值变化差异较大,而碘值及皂化值则无明显变化。凹凸棒土和活性白土脱色效果最佳,但脱腥效果较硅藻土、活性炭和沸石差。本研究结果对改善鱼油脱色工艺及脱色剂选择和不良风味等方面有一定理论指导意义。