Graduate Student Literature Review: Considerations for nutritional grouping in dairy farms

Each cow in a group has different nutritional requirements even if the group is formed by cows of similar age, number of lactations, and lactation stage. Common dairy farm management setup does not support formulating a diet that accurately matches individual nutritional requirements for each cow; therefore, a proportion of cows in the group will be overfed and another proportion underfed. Overfeeding and underfeeding cows increases the risk of metabolic diseases, decreases milk production, and increases nutrient waste. Consequently, profitability of dairy farms and the environment are negatively affected. Nutritional grouping is a management strategy that aims to allocate lactating cows homogeneously according to their nutritional requirements. Groups of cows with more uniform nutritional requirements facilitates the formulation of more accurate diets for the group. Current availability of large data streams on dairy farms facilitates the design of algorithms to implement nutritional grouping. Our review summarizes important factors to consider when grouping cows, describes nutritional grouping approaches, and summarizes benefits of implementing nutritional grouping in dairy farms.     

仪器仪表产品脉冲耐压试验要求和保护器件的选择

仪器仪表产品的脉冲耐压试验是产品型式试验、例行试验中的基本内容。通过对GB4793.1标准的整理,归纳了仪器仪表产品的脉冲耐压试验要求。通过对试验方法和设备特性的梳理,总结了特性参数,并介绍了应对脉冲耐压试验可采取的保护器件的类别及选用方法。     

Eight-node conforming straight-side quadrilateral element with high-order completeness (QH8-C1)

A new eight-node conforming quadrilateral element with high-order completeness, denoted as QH8-C1, is proposed in this article. First, expressions for the interpolation displacement function satisfying the requirements for high-order completeness in the global coordinate system are constructed. Second, the displacement function expression in global coordinates is transformed into isoparametric coordinates, and the relationships between the two series of coefficients for the two kinds of displacement function expressions are found. Third, the displacement function expression is modified to satisfy the requirements of nodal freedom and interelement boundary continuity. The key to the new element construction is the derivation of the linear relationship expressions among 12 coefficients of element displacement interpolation polynomials in the global and isoparametric coordinate systems. As a result, the relationship between quadratic completeness and interelement continuity is explicitly given, and a proof of the completeness and the continuity was conducted to theoretically guarantee the validity of the derivation results. Furthermore, in order to verify the correctness of the theoretical work, nine numerical examples were performed. The computation results from these examples demonstrate that QH8-C1 exhibited excellent performance, including high simulation accuracy, fast convergence, insensitivity to mesh distortion, and monotonic convergence.     

不确定环境下基于质量功能展开的电动汽车技术特性综合重要度确定

电动汽车技术特性重要度的确定是电动汽车研发的关键环节,能协助研发主体优化资源配置,更好地满足顾客需求。综合考虑顾客需求、竞品情况、技术可得性情况以及企业自身实力情况,提出一种不确定环境下基于质量功能展开的电动汽车技术特性综合重要度确定模型,为电动汽车制造企业提供了一种科学、有效的开发工具。该模型利用基本不确定语言信息刻画不确定评估信息,模型的基本过程为:识别顾客需求,并利用最佳—最差权重确定方法(BWM)确定顾客需求重要度;确定顾客需求与技术特性关联关系,基于顾客需求重要度确定技术特性基本重要度;利用BWM方法,确定基于竞品分析的修正重要度、基于技术可得性的修正重要度以及基于自身实力的修正重要度;综合基本重要度与修正重要度,确定技术特性综合重要度。最后,以某一企业的电动汽车研发案例为对象,论证了该模型的可行性与有效性。     

The nutrient requirements of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and their application to fermented milk

Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) performs many physiological functions, but the fermentation time is long when fermented milk is prepared using LGG alone. To shorten the fermentation time, we analyzed the nutrient requirement profiles of LGG. Based on nutrient requirement profiles, we evaluated the effects on the fermentation time, quality, and sensory properties of unmodified cow's milk fermented by LGG alone. According to the consumption and necessary patterns of amino acids and those of purine, pyrimidine, vitamins, metal ions, and nutrients essential to LGG, we selected Cys, Ser, Arg, Pro, Asp, Glu, guanine, uracil, and xanthine with which to supplement milk. Compared with fermented milk prepared using LGG alone in unmodified milk, the fermentation time of supplemented milk was shortened by 5 h. Viable cell counts, titratable acidity, and water-retaining capability of the fermented milk were improved by addition of nutrient supplements. Supplementation with nutrients did not obviously change the sensory and textural characteristics of fermented milk.     

浮动油封技术综述

本就工程机械中广泛应用的浮动油封技术概况，结构组成，分类、评价、主要技术要求，质量分等，试验方法及影响使用寿命的关键，进行了专题性分析与论述。     

土钉和土锚联合支护应用研究

介绍了在复杂地质条件和环境条件某深基坑土钉与土锚联合支护技术的设计和施工，简单介绍了工程概况和工程地质条件，重点介绍了设计方案、监测结果及特殊情况施工的技术措施。     

浅析建设工程施工合同中几个条款

对比FID IC施工合同条件,指出了我国建设工程施工合同示范文本中几个条款中的不足,并提出了改进的相应建议。改进后的合同更加完备,将有利于减少合同履行中纠纷的出现。     

医院建筑设计探索

结合福建省立医院门诊大楼,福州市鹤龄医院病房大楼设计着重探讨:一、医院门诊使用功能与交通导向二、医院建筑空间与心理状态三、现代医院建筑的发展与设计构想     

建筑结构胶应用中的若干问题及建议

就建筑结构胶在工程应用中的分类及性能要求、长期性能、防火及耐高温要求、无机胶研发、锚固胶的作用机理,以及胶接加固的可靠性等问题,结合试验研究进行了分析。建议编制《结构胶性能检验标准》;胶的长期性能应考察更长的时间;高温环境应采取耐高温胶;可以积极开发无机胶;应对胶的作用性能、基材性状、锚固参数及其破坏形态进行综合分析;胶接加固应联合其他加固方式,保证加固的可靠性。