Hydrophobic Cross-Linked Poly(dimethylsiloxane)-Based Sorbents for Oil Spill Applications

With the increase of industrialization and urbanization, humankind faces massive oil-based pollution due to tanker accidents, human error, and natural disasters. For this, hydrophobic sorbents are fabricated and their applications for the removal of oil from polluted water sources are investigated. These hydrophobic sorbents are prepared by the condensation reaction of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and tris[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]isocyanurate cross-linker via bulk polymerization. The obtained sorbents exhibit high oil sorption capacity, fast absorption–desorption kinetics, and great reusability. Moreover, they can selectively absorb oil from the water surface, thus making them practical for water clean-up applications.     

Assessing the impact of geometric design intent annotations on parametric model alteration activities

The effective representation and communication of design intent plays a crucial role in CAD model alteration activities. In history-based parametric modeling systems, design intent information is usually expressed implicitly within the model. However, there is evidence that suggests that an explicit representation can increase productivity and quality and facilitate the transferring of design knowledge throughout the different stages of the product lifecycle. In this paper, we assess the effectiveness of 3D annotations as mechanisms for explicit design intent representation and examine their impact in model alteration processes that require a direct interaction with the model's geometry. We present the results of a series of studies aimed at measuring user performance and model quality in two scenarios. First, we hypothesized that annotations are valuable tools to provide design information when inadequate modeling assumptions can be made by designers. Second, we evaluated annotations as tools to communicate design decisions when multiple options are available. In both cases, results show statistically significant benefits of annotated models, suggesting the use of this technique as a valuable approach to improve design intent communication.     

TiO2-coated glass hollow fiber membranes: preparation and application for photocatalytic methylene blue removal

A glass hollow fiber membrane coated with TiO₂ was successfully synthesized by dip-coating and calcination. In addition, the effects of the calcination temperature, number of coating layers, and treatment method on the photocatalytic removal of methylene blue from wastewater by the membrane were investigated. The results showed that the TiO₂-coated membrane calcined at 550 °C was uniform. It showed good photocatalytic and anti-fouling properties. As compared to the basement membrane, the TiO₂-coated membrane showed significantly improved photocatalytic removal of methylene blue. It showed a methylene blue removal degree as high as 97.2% and could be recycled multiple times by a simple treatment. The methylene blue removal degree of the membrane remained 92.3-93.6% after five recycling operations. Therefore, the membrane prepared via the simple method proposed in this study could be used as an efficient photocatalyst to remove methylene blue from wastewater.     

基于本体的改模方案聚类研究

在分析改模知识的基础上,提出了一种基于本体的聚类分析法来获得典型的改模方案,建立了注塑模改模知识领域本体,确立了用矩阵方法表达改模方案数据的数学模型。通过基于改模知识领域本体之间概念相似度的计算获得改模概念间的语义相似度、用归一化公式计算改模方案间的相似度和簇间相似度,用相似度矩阵表示改模方案间的相似度,并应用凝聚的层次聚类法进行改模方案的聚类,通过改模方案聚类粒度的确定方法获得聚类结果。以企业的改模方案数据为例,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Docker容器化下的遥感算法程序集成方法

目的 近年来，随着我国遥感技术的快速发展，遥感数据呈现出大数据的特点，遥感数据的时效性增强，针对新环境下遥感算法编程语言众多，程序运行和部署环境需求多样，程序的集成和部署困难的问题，提出了一种遥感算法程序快速封装与Docker容器化系统集成架构。方法 该系统架构主要包括：1）遥感算法程序的镜像自动化封装制作；2）镜像的分发管理，达到算法程序镜像的共享；3）遥感信息产品生产流程的容器化编排服务，将相关联的算法程序镜像串联，以满足特定遥感信息产品的生产；4）容器的调度运行，调用镜像，实现特定遥感产品的容器化运行。本文在上述容器化系统集成架构下，以Landsat5数据的NDVI、NDWI信息产品的生产作为容器化生产实例，并同物理机、KVM （kernel-based virtual machine）虚拟机在运行时间、内存占用量、部署效率等性能进行了对比。结果 Docker容器虚拟化环境下的产品生产和物理机环境下在运行时间和内存占用量上几无差别，优于KVM虚拟机。Docker容器虚拟化环境和KVM虚拟机环境下在部署上能够节省大量时间，相比于物理机环境能够提高部署效率。结论 容器化的系统集成方式能够有效解决遥感算法程序集成和部署困难的问题，有利于遥感算法程序的复用和流程的共享，提高系统集成效率，具备较强的遥感数据实时快速处理能力。     

椭圆型腔数控铣削通用宏程序的设计

介绍了椭圆曲线加工原理,设计了椭圆型腔粗、精加工通用宏程序。实践表明,该通用宏程序有效克服了自动编程程序冗长、精度不易控制、可读性、可重用性及灵活性差的缺点,对机械加工中曲线轮廓、相似零件分组和曲面零件的通用宏程序设计具有借鉴意义。     

应用级粒度的可集成构件重用性提升方法

提出了一种用于提高软件构件重用能力的构件构造方法。与当前研究中主要以软件实现逻辑表达一项应用用例的功能封装单元相比,该方法以应用功能层面的一类需求范畴为构件的表达目标,将业务用例以可配置的描述内容交由构件进行解释执行。通过提升构件粒度,应用级构件单元以更高的重用能力支持更为广泛的用例集合。基于这一原理设计了构件模型以及相应的构件库扩展和组装机制。通过所建立的构件集合原型,在实际开发案例中的应用验证了该方法的有效性。重用性的度量结果表明,所提方法将软件构件的重用性在特定领域中提高到96.6%~99.4%。     

Removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals from contaminated industrial groundwater using chitin as a biosorbent

BACKGROUND: The removal of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) from drinking water is of great importance. Chitin isolated from crab shells was used as a biosorbent for removal of three EDCs—benzo(a)antracene, β‐estradiol and bisphenol A—present in contaminated groundwater. Fourier transform infra‐red (FTIR) spectroscopy, porosimetry and scanning electron microscope (SEM) were used for structural elucidation of chitin. Experiments were conducted using batch adsorption mode under different conditions of initial EDCs concentration, solution pH and adsorbent dose. The effect of chitin particle size was also investigated. Batch adsorption data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms and pseudo‐first‐ and second‐order models for kinetic study. RESULTS: The maximum adsorption capacity of chitin by the three EDCs, calculated using the Langmuir equation, ranged from 42.9 to 84 mg g^?1. The adsorption of EDCs by chitin was due primarily to electrostatic forces. The measurement of zeta potential indicated that chitin has higher surface charge in alkaline pH, resulting in reduction in removal of EDCs with increasing pH. Complementary to the experimental results molecular simulations were also performed on HyperChem software to understand the adsorption mechanism between chitin and EDCs in aquesous solutions. Chitin was regenerated after washing with methanol/acetic acid (1/3, v/v) and the regeneration process was repeated for 10 cycles, which showed 90% adsorption capacity retained by chitin. CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results suggest that chitin could be employed as an adsorbent in the removal of EDCs from aqueous solutions, and the adsorption potential of used chitin can be recovered by methanol/acetic acid solvent washings. The reusable biosorbent chitin would be cost‐effective and a better option for future water remediation endeavours. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

一种新型纤维素基吸附剂的制备及其对漆酶的固定化性能研究

利用NaOH/尿素体系溶解纤维素并加入纳米碳酸钙,而后在盐酸溶液中再生,制得具备多孔结构的纤维素小球;之后采用丙烯酰胺对纤维素小球的羟基进行改性,接枝碳链并引入酰胺基,在碱性条件下酰胺基水解为羧基,得到改性纤维素基吸附剂;其可通过静电吸附和氢键间作用力固定漆酶。对接枝改性和漆酶固定化的最佳条件进行了探索,得到最佳改性条件为：时间6 h、温度50℃、单体配比8∶5、引发剂浓度0.08%;最佳固定化条件为：pH值=5.0、初始酶浓度10 g/L、固定化时间3 h。利用此最佳改性纤维素小球在最佳条件下固定的漆酶具有良好的热稳定性和可重复使用性,酶活提高了52%。结果表明,改性纤维素小球作为一种新型的绿色载体,在漆酶固定化方面具有广阔的应用前景。     

A review on pectinase properties,application in juice clarification,and membranes as immobilization support

Pectic substances cause haziness and high viscosity of fruit juices. Pectinase enzymes are biological compounds that degrade pectic compounds. Nontoxicity and ecofriendly nature make pectinases excellent biocatalysts for juice clarification. However, the poor stability and nonreusability of pectinases trim down the effectiveness of the operation. The immobilization techniques have gained the attention of researchers as it augments the properties of the enzymes. Literature has reported the stability improvement of enzymes like lipase, laccase, hydrogen peroxidase, and cellulase upon immobilization on the membrane. However, only a few research articles divulge pectinase immobilization using a membrane. The catalysis-separation synergy of membrane-reactor has put indelible imprints in industrial applications. Immobilization of pectinase on the membrane can enhance its performance in juice processing. This review delineates the importance of physicochemical and kinematic properties of pectinases relating to the juice processing parameters. It also includes the influence of metal-ion cofactors on enzymes’ activity. Considering the support and catalytic-separation facets of the membrane, the prediction of the membrane as support for pectinase immobilization has also been carried out.