论携号转网行为的私法规制

以电信用户入网协议为切入点,电信用户的携号转网行为应受到《合同法》《消费者权益保护法》等私法规范的保护与限制。该行为引起的格式条款解释、合同终止、违约责任、损失赔偿等问题,不能仅靠《电信条例》等公法规范来调整。应当积极引导广大消费者用户以私法领域相关规定为依据,转变争议解决思维,拓宽纠纷处理途径,合理选择维权手段,以保护自身合法民事权益,与行业监管部门共同推动电信行业有序发展。     

印度尼西亚现行油气合同财税条款分析

2017年1月16日,印度尼西亚能源与矿产资源部部长颁布了一个新的条例MR No.8/2017。该新条例的一个关键变化是取消成本回收机制。2017年8月29日,印度尼西亚能源和矿产资源部又发布了部长条例MR No.52/201,更新和修订了最初的MR No.8/2017的部分条款。该法令在考虑了上游承包商的反馈之后,为了刺激国内的上游投资而修订。本文首先详细介绍了MR No.8/2017条款和MR No.52/2017条款的颁布背景及内容含义,然后采用数据对比的方式说明了两个条款的不同之处。最后,阐述了条款的修订意义,分析结果说明印尼现行油气合同财税条款的修订与更新为石油提供财政利益和法律确定性,迫使上游部门以更有效的方式运作,努力刺激上游行业的投资,为印度尼西亚上游行业的投资者带来更大的透明度。     

海绵城市建设PPP项目委托代理契约分析

针对海绵城市PPP(Public-Private Partnership)项目建设、运营管理问题,为了降低由于项目参与的各方掌握信息、地位的不对称而产生的道德风险、维护各参与方的合法权益,基于一定的前提假设,构建海绵城市建设PPP项目契约模型,利用优化理论分别从代理企业和政府方两个主体的效用对模型的各个参数相关关系进行了分析,并利用数值模拟讨论了监控机制各参数对政府方监控意愿的影响。最后,结合常德市海绵城市PPP项目建设的案例,分别分析在当前考核机制下项目在建设、运营期可能存在的问题,并提出了相应的对策以解决这些问题。结果表明:代理企业的监控和激励措施具有互补性,海绵工程项目风险来源广泛,企业为规避风险会偏好零风险的固定收益,设定监控机制能激励企业更加努力的工作。     

Enforceability of electronic contracts in light of the Ethiopian General Contract Law: appraising the issues

Modern information communication technologies, especially the Internet, have been extensively used in contracts. Yet laws which govern contractual relationships were passed at a time when Internet was unknown. Due to this fact, conventional contract laws empirically face significant challenges to address legal controversies arising from electronic contracts. In the same fashion, Ethiopian General Contract Law is unfit to accommodate legal controversies resulting from the occurrence of electronic contracts. The main legal challenges due to the development of electronic contracts are uncertainty regarding legal recognition of data messages, issues associated with consummation of consent, attribution of communications, input errors, time of contract formation, formality requirements, variation, notice of nonperformance, privity of contract, admissibility and parole evidence rule of electronic records. The above-underlined issues, which stem from the emergence of electronic contracts, are hardly addressed by our civil code. Therefore, this work is mainly meant to make a humble attempt to examine the appropriateness of the Ethiopian General Contract Law to accommodate technologically driven electronic contracts.     

Blockchain-oriented dynamic modelling of smart contract design and execution in the supply chain

Recently, the applications of Blockchain technology have begun to revolutionise different aspects of supply chain (SC) management. Among others, Blockchain is a platform to execute the smart contracts in the SC as transactions. We develop and test a new model for smart contract design in the SC with multiple logistics service providers and show that this problem can be presented as a multi-processor flexible flow shop scheduling. A distinctive feature of our approach is that the execution of physical operations is modelled inside the start and completion of cyber information services. We name this modelling concept ‘virtual operation’. The constructed model and the developed experimental environment constitute an event-driven dynamic approach to task and service composition when designing the smart contract. Our approach is also of value when considering the contract execution stage. The use of state control variables in our model allows for operations status updates in the Blockchain that in turn, feeds automated information feedbacks, disruption detection and control of contract execution. The latter launches the re-scheduling procedure, comprehensively combining planning and adaptation decisions within a unified methodological framework of dynamic control theory. The modelling complex developed can be used to design and control smart contracts in the SC.     

价格规制下煤电供应紧张的机理及长期契约研究

考虑电煤和电力的双重价格规制,分别在煤炭供应是否受运输约束两种情景下,研究我国电煤和电力供应紧张的机理及对策。首先构建博弈模型,研究我国煤电供应紧张的机理;在此基础上,构建包含违约惩罚机制的电煤供应长期契约和模型;最后进行了算例分析。研究表明,在煤炭需求旺季,电煤价格规制和运输制约导致煤炭企业供应电煤积极性降低;电力企业订购电煤的积极性降低也是电力供应短缺的最主要原因之一;电力企业的淡季违约采购进口煤的行为,加大了煤炭企业旺季减少电煤供应的可能性。包含违约惩罚机制的电煤供应长期契约,能够同时提高煤炭需求旺季煤炭企业供应电煤和电力企业订购电煤的积极性,显著降低电力供应短缺的风险,缓解煤电矛盾和冲突。     

公租房工程项目合同类型的选择

公租房项目工期紧任务重,工程内容构成复杂,需根据工程实际情况综合考虑各种因素,灵活运用多种合同类型,确保工程顺利实施。合理选择承发包双方都能接受的工程项目合同类型是公租房项目合同管理的关键一环,是保障公租房项目建设快速有序推进,实现较为理想的投资效益的重要手段。     

Offshore manufacturing contract design based on transfer price considering green tax: a bilevel programming approach

The problem of designing offshore manufacturing contract resulting in optimal transfer price is troubling multinational companies over the past few years. This paper proposes designing offshore manufacturing contracts based on the transfer price in the form of bilevel programming problems after considering green tax. In these contract designs, a firm in a developed country sells a single product in its market. The same product is simultaneously being manufactured by another firm in a developing country with lower manufacturing cost. After anticipating the consumer demand, the seller places an order, based on which the manufacturer manufactures the ordered quantity, and offers a transfer price which in turn maximises its net profit after paying green tax to its government. While setting the transfer price, the manufacturer considers the manufacturing cost, the export duty payable to its government and the cost of shipping the product to the developed country. After buying the product from the manufacturer at the transfer price, the seller then sets the retail price which maximises its net profit after paying the import duty to its government; the retail price, however, must not be more than the maximum retail price applicable to the market. Thus, offshore manufacturing contract results in optimal after-tax profits for both the firms. An experimental study has been carried out to discuss the practical aspects of the results developed, where a US firm is offshoring its manufacturing activity to a Chinese firm in order to draw maximum profit.     

进度控制中监理的地位和行为

分析了监理在工程进度控制中所处的地位，并举例讨论了进度控制的一些措施和技巧。     

进度控制中监理的地位和行为

分析了监理在工程进度控制中所处的地位,并举例讨论了进度控制的一些措施和技巧。