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1.
Proven research output on the behavior of structures made of waste copper slag concrete can improve its utilization in the construction industry and thereby help to develop a sustainable built environment. Although numerous studies on waste copper slag concrete can be found in the published literature, no research has focused on the structural application of this type of concrete. In particular, the variability in the strength properties of waste copper slag concrete, which is required for various structural applications, such as limit state design formulation, reliability-based structural analysis, etc., has so far not attracted the attention of researchers. This paper quantifies the uncertainty associated with the compressive-, flexural- and split tensile strength of hardened concrete with different dosages of waste copper slag as fine aggregate. Best-fit probability distribution models are proposed based on statistical analyses of strength data generated from laboratory experiments. In addition, the paper presents a reliability-based seismic risk assessment of a typical waste copper slag incorporated reinforced concrete framed building, considering the proposed distribution model. The results show that waste copper slag can be safely used for seismic resistant structures as it results in an identical probability of failure and dispersion in the drift demand when compared with a conventional concrete building made of natural sand.  相似文献   
2.
土体参数具有空间变异性是被广泛接受的,而这种变异性对岩土中结构性能有着重要的影响。随机场理论是一种常用的用来模拟土体参数空间变异性的方法。基于随机场理论,以土体弹性模量的空间变异性为切入点,采用蒙特卡罗方法和有限差分模拟计算相结合的方法,开展隧道水平收敛的随机分析。在大量蒙特卡罗计算基础上,提出了3种简单易用的简化考虑空间变异性的方法,分别为参数折减法、放大系数法和可靠度分项系数标定法。经过对计算结果的统计分析,给出了在土体弹性模量的水平、竖向相关距离及其变异系数的不同组合下3种简化考虑方法的建议值。提出的简化方法可以为空间变异性研究应用到实际工程提供一定的参考。  相似文献   
3.
图计算应用的通信模式以时空随机的点对点细粒度通信为主,但现有高性能计算机的网络系统应对大量细粒度通信时表现不佳,进而影响整体性能。虽然在应用层进行通信优化可以有效提升图计算应用性能,但这会给应用开发人员带来很大的负担,因此提出并实现结构动态的消息聚合技术,通过构建虚拟拓扑的方法在通信路径上增加中间点从而提升消息聚合的效果。传统的消息聚合策略一般仅在通信源或者目的地上进行,聚合机会有限,而所提技术通过灵活调整虚拟拓扑的结构和配置适应了不同硬件条件和应用特征。同时,还提出并实现了面向图计算的有消息聚合的运行时系统,这使得在程序迭代执行时可以动态选择参数,从而减少开发人员负担。在256节点规模的系统上实验的结果显示,使用所提消息聚合技术优化后的典型图计算应用的性能可得到100%以上的提升。  相似文献   
4.
This paper presents a physics-based compact gate delay model that includes all short-channel phenomena prevalent at the ultra-deep submicron technology node of 32 nm. To simplify calculations, the proposed model is connected to a compact α-power law-based (Sakurai-Newton) model. The model has been tested on a wide range of supply voltages. The model accurately predicts nominal delays and the delays under process variations. It has been shown that at lower technology nodes, the delay is more sensitive to threshold voltage variations, specifically at the sub-threshold operating region as compared with effective channel length variations above the threshold region.  相似文献   
5.
The increasing request for classic foods has led to a higher demand for cheeses enjoying a “recognition of quality” status. This phenomenon has also affected Sicilian dairy products, in particular protected designation of origin (PDO) “Vastedda della valle del Belìce” (VdB), a cheese traditionally available only during the summer season, but requested year round. The variations of the microbial populations of raw milk among the seasons influence the microbiological quality of the cheeses produced. This review article reports the historical importance of cheeses and the traditional equipment used for dairy productions in Sicily with a specific focus on VdB. The microbial ecology of this cheese is thoroughly discussed. The recent findings to stabilize the traditional VdB production protocol with regards to the microbial composition and the organoleptic characteristics of the final cheeses are reviewed. The selection of starter lactic acid bacteria from PDO cheeses, their in vitro and in vivo application, and, overall, the setup of their inoculation, have all generated a novel production protocol. The innovation was respectful of the traditional discipline, essentially based on the ad hoc biofilm formation on the traditional wooden equipment, and allowed the preservation of VdB typicality. Future prospects are summarized.  相似文献   
6.
The dominance of leakage currents in circuit design has been impelled by steady downscaling of MOSFET into nanometer regime, and has become a significant component of total IC power dissipation. The issue is further aggravated with the inability to gauge the tolerance of process parameters around their nominal value. Consequently, the drive to improve the static power prediction has enticed accurate and reliable modeling of leakage current, specifically for ultralow power applications. In contrast to gate- and band-to-band-tunneling leakages, subthreshold leakage exhibits high susceptibility to process variations and hence has been considered for variability modeling. Fluctuations in the device electrical and geometry parameters result in a wider distribution of subthreshold leakage current. Hence, taking into account stacking effect, an analytical variability model to estimate subthreshold leakage power in subthreshold circuits, in the presence of threshold voltage variations is proposed. Further, the impact of threshold voltage variability on subthreshold leakage power is modeled in conjunction with simultaneous variations in gate length and width. The leakage power variability is characterized by model-generated distributions obtained using Monte Carlo analysis and validated against SPICE simulations. The proposed model is about 700 computationally faster than SPICE simulations with mean error being less than 0.19%.  相似文献   
7.
8.
We present a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart for monitoring the variability of an autocorrelated process. A quantity known as the asymptotic variance parameter is employed as a measure of the variability, and a distribution‐free tabular cumulative sum chart is applied to variance estimates calculated from batches of nonoverlapping samples. The proposed chart is applicable to a stationary process with a general marginal distribution and a general autocorrelation structure. It also determines control limits analytically without trial‐and‐error simulations. The performance of the proposed chart is tested on stationary processes with both normal and nonnormal marginals with various autocorrelation structures. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
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10.
针对常规光谱混合分析算法在积雪面积反演中存在的端元变化误差及运算效率的问题,提出了一种范数最小二乘算法(norm least squares,NLS)。为验证算法的精度和实用性,利用藏南地区的MODIS影像进行反演实验,同时采用全约束最小二乘法(fully constrained least squares,FCLS)和多端元光谱混合分析法(multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis,MESMA)进行对比分析。实验结果表明,引入范数减弱了积雪光谱的异质性,提高了积雪面积的反演精度,其反演结果基本跟真值保持一致,且用于反演积雪面积可行性高。同时,该算法反演的积雪面积相比FCLS具有更高的精度,相比MESMA具有更高的时间效率。  相似文献   
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