Effects of upholstery materials on the burning behavior of real‐scale residential upholstered furniture mock‐ups

Fire spread and growth on real‐scale four cushion mock‐ups of residential upholstered furniture (RUF) were investigated with the goal of identifying whether changes in five classes of materials (barrier, flexible polyurethane foam, polyester fiber wrap, upholstery fabric, and sewing thread), referred to as factors, resulted in statistically significant changes in burning behavior. A fractional factorial experimental design plus practical considerations yielded a test matrix with 20 material combinations. Experiments were repeated a minimum of two times. Measurements included fire spread rates derived from video recordings and heat release rates (HRRs). A total of 13 experimental parameters (3 based on the videos and 10 on the HRR results), referred to as responses, characterized the measurements. Statistical analyses based on Main Effects Plots (main effects) and Block Plots (main effects and factor interactions) were used. The results showed that three of the factors resulted in statistically significant effects on varying numbers of the 13 responses. The Barrier and Fabric factors had the strongest main effects with roughly comparable magnitudes. Foam was statistically significant for fewer of the responses and its overall strength was weaker than for Barrier and Fabric. No statistically significant main effects were identified for Wrap or Thread. Multiple two‐term interactions between factors were identified as being statistically significant. The Barrier*Fabric interaction resulted in the highest number of and strongest statistically significant effects. The existence of two‐term interactions means that it will be necessary to consider their effects in approaches designed to predict the burning behavior of RUF.     

纯棉织物的醚化2D树脂成衣免烫整理

为探索醚化2D树脂对纯棉织物抗皱整理的可行性和最佳工艺设置,设计正交试验探究醚化2D树脂、催化剂、保护剂、柔软剂在成衣免烫技术中的应用工艺,确定最佳工艺为醚化2D树脂F-AP质量浓度150 g/L、催化剂FM质量浓度40 g/L、保护剂HDP质量浓度35 g/L、柔软剂NUP质量浓度15 g/L。应用SPSS统计分析软件对4种助剂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果做显著性检验,结果表明:相对另外3种助剂,醚化2D树脂对棉织物的抗皱整理效果影响最为显著。重点分析了醚化2D树脂对整理后织物性能的影响,发现醚化2D树脂质量浓度超过160 g/L时,棉纤维与树脂的反应呈现饱和,使棉织物折皱回复角和断裂强力变化趋缓,过多的树脂残留使纱线间的摩擦力增加,对织物抗撕破起负效果。     

Mythical systems: mathematic and logical theory

The process of elaboration of the symbolic universe leads to exciting insights regarding the search for human emotional security. The symbols end up as explanatory axes of universal reality and on them are constructed myths that form a superstructure for belief systems. Human society is a multi-level system with a material structure (society), an ideological superstructure (belief systems, values, etc.) and a super superstructure with two parts: mythical (origin and justification) and utopic (final goal). All mythical belief systems have a numinous-religious nature.     

Light microscopy of Pakistani Berberis leaf cuticles and its taxonomic implications

Taxonomy of the genus Berberis is quite complex, due to overlapping morphological characters, making it very difficult to differentiate the species within the genus. In order to resolve this taxonomic complexity, the foliar anatomy of 10 Berberis L. species was carried out, for the first time from Pakistan, using light microscopy (LM). Significant variation in terms of epidermal cells shape, size, cell wall pattern, and stomata type was observed. B. baluchistanica has the largest epidermal cells, Adaxial: length = 45–(53.9 ± 3.6)–62.5 μm; and width = 22.5–(26.3 ± 1.3)–30 μm; Abaxial: length = 37.5–(43.25 ± 2.5)–50 μm; and width = 20–(22.6 ± 0.8)–25. The highest number of stomata was observed in B. glaucocarpa as 62 on the abaxial surface while the lowest number of stomata was recorded in B. baluchistanica as 8 on the adaxial surface. Of 10 investigated species, 6 possess anomocytic type stomata, while 2 species that is, B. aitchisonii and B. parkeriana have both anomocytic and anisocytic stomata while B. baluchistanica and B. calliobotrys have only paracytic type stomata. The highest number of cells per unit area was present on the adaxial surface of B. calliobotrys ranging from 245–(252.4)–260 followed by B. parkeriana with 209–(227.8)–250 on the abaxial surface. Stomatal index (SI) also varied considerably and was the lowest (2.6) percentage in B. baluchistanica and highest (31.9) percentage in B. kunawurensis. A taxonomic key based on micro‐morphological characters is provided for species identification.     

Structural dimension optimization and mechanical response analysis of fabricated honeycomb plastic pavement slab

Because of favorable mechanical properties, deformation resistance and being conducive to environmental protection, honeycomb fabricated plastic pavement slabs are highly recommended these years. At present, most studies focus on the performance of plastic materials, however, the dimension optimization of fabricated plastic pavement slab is rarely mentioned. In this paper, an optimized geometry of the honeycomb pavement slab was determined through finite element analysis. Mechanical response of honeycomb slabs with different internal dimensions and external dimensions were explored. Several dimension factors were taken into consideration including the side length, rib thickness, the thickness of both top and bottom slabs of honeycomb structure and the length, the width and the thickness of the fabricated plastic slab. The results showed that honeycomb pavement slab with 6 cm bottom slab, 12 cm top slab,18 cm side length and 6 cm rib thickness is recommended, additionally, an external dimension of 4 m × 4 m × 0.45 m is suggested. Then, the mechanical responses of this optimized fabricated plastic slab were further investigated. Significance of different influencing factors, including wheel load, elastic modulus of plastic material, base layer thickness, soil foundation modulus and base layer modulus were ranked.     

瓯江口表层沉积物重金属时空分布特征研究

调查采集了瓯江口春季10个站位的表层沉积物样品,对其Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd四种重金属含量进行了化学分析和评价,研究认为：瓯江北口总体沉积物质量优良,总体达到国家1类标准,符合其海洋功能区划的要求;铜为该区主要重金属污染影响因子;从空间角度看,主要重金属含量有由近岸向外海减小的趋势;从时间角度看,主要重金属含量除铅含量略有增加外,其他重金属含量均由一定幅度的下降,显示该区底质环境有改善的迹象。     

组合赋权法确定地质灾害危险性评价指标权重

针对现有地质灾害危险性评价中指标权重确定方法的不足，首先基于粗糙集理论提出了指标相对重要度的计算公式，并对主观赋权法中的AHP法进行了改进；然后与客观赋权法中的熵值法进行综合优化，求得评价指标的组合权重；最后，提出了一种综合分析方法来选取评价指标主、客观权重的偏好系数u值。该方法综合考虑了指标的主、客观成分，将专家判断和客观分析相结合，可以得到较为理想、合理的权重值。     

海洋文化影响下的泉州人居环境地域性特征

该文从海洋文化这一泉州独特的地域文化出发，探讨了其对当地传统人居环境的影响及其现代意义。提出批判地继承这一文化传统是创造新人环境地域性文化的一个基点。     

西安地区湿陷性土湿陷系数的回归分析

通过Excel回归分析系统和逐步回归分析方法，利用显著性检验，建立了西安地区不同地貌单元湿陷性土湿陷系数与物理指标(w，e0，γ)之间的相关关系，并进行了指标间的多重共线性检验。     

城市与建筑的象征意义仿生研究

象征意义仿生作为边缘的叛逆设计思潮,对现代建筑的发展起着重要的推动作用.运用比较方法,考察了东西方在城市规划和建筑领域中运用象征意义仿生的历史,阐述了象征意义仿生这种认识方法在城市规划与建筑中发展演变的过程,试图解读城市和建筑仿生所表达的象征意义,从而提炼出其对当前城市和建筑设计的借鉴意义.