IRS辅助的SWIPT系统中基于能效优先的波束成形设计与优化

以智能反射面(intelligent reflecting surface,IRS)辅助的无线携能通信(simultaneous wireless information and power transfer,SWIPT)系统为背景,研究了该系统中基于能效优先的多天线发送端有源波束成形与IRS无源波束成形联合设计与优化方法。以最大化接收端的最小能效为优化目标,构造在发送端功率、接收端能量阈值、IRS相移等多约束下的非线性优化问题,用交替方向乘子法(alternating direction method of multipliers,ADMM)求解。采用Dinkelbach算法转化目标函数,通过奇异值分解(singular value decomposition,SVD)和半定松弛(semi-definite relaxation,SDR)得到发送端有源波束成形向量。采用SDR得到IRS相移矩阵与反射波束成形向量。结果表明,该系统显著降低了系统能量收集(energy harvesting,EH)接收端的能量阈值。当系统总电路功耗为?15 dBm时,所提方案的用户能效为300 KB/J。当IRS反射阵源数与发送天线数均为最大值时,系统可达最大能效。     

酵子馒头与酵母馒头挥发性组分与香气特征分析

利用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)收集酵子馒头(JSB)与酵母馒头(YSB)的挥发性物质,并结合气-质谱联用(GC/MS)和气相嗅闻(GC-O)技术,对其挥发性物质和香气特征进行分析。结果显示,SDE吸收液适合分馏和浓缩。HS-SPME最佳条件为吸附温度55℃,吸附时间30 min,解吸时间6 min。GC/MS分析发现,两种馒头共有组分23种,主要组分是乙醇、3-甲基-1-丁醇、正己醇、(E)-2-壬烯醛、2-正戊基呋喃、萘、苯甲醛、戊基苯、壬醛、香叶基丙酮,共有组分在JSB中相对含量较高(>60%),在YSB中含量较低(<50%),其中JSB中乙醇的相对含量最高(63%)。JSB中酸类、含苯环类、杂环类化合物的相对含量高于YSB,表现出醇香、果香和坚果香味。而YSB中烯烃类、醛类、酯类、酮类化合物高于JSB,其香气不如JSB浓郁。JSB与YSB的挥发性物质种类和相对含量差异明显,导致两者表现出不同的香气特征。     

腊八豆挥发性风味物质的研究

采用同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)和顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)两种方法提取4种不同品牌腊八豆中的挥发性风味物质,并用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)联用对挥发性活性成分进行鉴定。结果显示:共鉴定出115种挥发性物质,包括醇类12种,醛类15种,酮类6种,醚类7种,酚类5种,酸类4种,酯类17种,烷烃类40种,含硫类4种和杂环类5种,其中SDE法和HS-SPME法分别鉴定出98种和73种。4种腊八豆样品中,JC样品、LMZ样品、TYGS样品、TDJ样品分别鉴定出73种、66种、77种和77种挥发性物质。其中主要的挥发性风味物质包括1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、2-茨醇、α-松油醇、苯乙醛、(E,E)-2,4-庚二烯醛、橙花醛、甲基庚烯酮、烯丙基甲基二硫醚、乙基麦芽酚、丁香酚、棕榈酸乙酯、蒎烯、莰烯、桧烯和α-姜黄烯等。同时发现两种提取方法检测出的结果差异很大,4种腊八豆样品的挥发性风味物质也有一定的差异。     

超高效液相色谱法同时测定饮料中20种食品添加剂

目的建立超高效液相色谱法同时检测饮料中的20种食品添加剂的分析方法。方法使用waters XBridge C18(5μm, 4.6 mm×250 mm)色谱柱,用0.01 mol/L磷酸二氢钾(pH 4.8-5.0)和乙腈为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在35℃柱温, 1.0 mL/min流速下,采用光电二极管阵列(photo-diode array, PDA)检测器在210、230 nm波长处进行检测,外标法定量, 15 min内可实现20种食品添加剂的分离。结果 20种添加剂均具有良好线性,相关系数均大于0.999,检出限0.3～10mg/kg,平均回收率为81.50%～110.20%,相对标准偏差小于5%(n=8)。结论该方法灵敏、准确,适用于饮料中20种添加剂的同时检测。     

A shift of the perceptual attributes of color due to the manifestation of the simultaneous contrast effect on a display

This research shows the effect of simultaneous contrast on a design solution that generates it, and it also shows how its manifestation affects the shift of perception attributes of the observer's color. In the conducted research, 55 subjects had to harmonize the primary stimuli from the reproduction obtained with the help of digital printing technology, with the primary stimuli presented on two computer screens. As a visual harmonization technique, simultaneous binocular harmonization was used. The primary stimuli were made achromatic, with a 50% Raster Tone value (RTV), and are surrounded by achromatic secondary stimuli whose values increase in steps from 10% RTV up to 100% RTV. A shift in the perceptual attributes of color has been shown with the help of the CIEDE2000 system. Using ANOVA with repeated-measures and Fisher's post hoc analysis, statistically significant differences were found between the perceived means of shift in the ΔC₀₀ chroma and ΔL₀₀ lightness on defined samples on both computer screens, while in the case of the ΔH₀₀ hue, no statistically significant differences were observed. The research also determined colorimetric differences in the ΔE₀₀ color difference. Moreover, the student's t test was used to determine that the effect is stronger when manifested on the Lenovo computer than on the Asus computer screen (P < .05).     

An adaptive local search algorithm for vehicle routing problem with simultaneous and mixed pickups and deliveries

The Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD) is an extension to the classical Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), where customers may both receive and send goods simultaneously. The Vehicle Routing Problem with Mixed Pickup and Delivery (VRPMPD) differs from the VRPSPD in that the customers may have either pickup or delivery demand. However, the solution approaches proposed for the VRPSPD can be directly applied to the VRPMPD. In this study, an adaptive local search solution approach is developed for both the VRPSPD and the VRPMPD, which hybridizes a Simulated Annealing inspired algorithm with Variable Neighborhood Descent. The algorithm uses an adaptive threshold function that makes the algorithm self-tuning. The proposed approach is tested on well-known VRPSPD and VRPMPD benchmark instances derived from the literature. The computational results indicate that the proposed algorithm is effective in solving the problems in reasonable computation time.     

Modelling of chromatic contrast for retrieval of wallpaper images

Colour remains one of the key factors in presenting an object and, consequently, has been widely applied in retrieval of images based on their visual contents. However, a colour appearance changes with the change of viewing surroundings, the phenomenon that has not been paid attention yet while performing colour‐based image retrieval. To comprehend this effect, in this article, a chromatic contrast model, CAMcc, is developed for the application of retrieval of colour intensive images, cementing the gap that most of existing colour models lack to fill by taking simultaneous colour contrast into account. Subsequently, the model is applied to the retrieval task on a collection of museum wallpapers of colour‐rich images. In comparison with current popular colour models including CIECAM02, HSI and RGB, with respect to both foreground and background colours, CAMcc appears to outperform the others with retrieved results being closer to query images. In addition, CAMcc focuses more on foreground colours, especially by maintaining the balance between both foreground and background colours, while the rest of existing models take on dominant colours that are perceived the most, usually background tones. Significantly, the contribution of the investigation lies in not only the improvement of the accuracy of colour‐based image retrieval but also the development of colour contrast model that warrants an important place in colour and computer vision theory, leading to deciphering the insight of this age‐old topic of chromatic contrast in colour science. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 361–373, 2015     

SBP-SAT方法及其在波动领域的应用

基于分部求和(Summation By Parts)方法和同时逼近项(Simultaneous Approximation Terms)技术建立的有限差分方法,具有更高的精度和稳定性。同时在介质几何不连续、参数突变条件具有较大的优势。国内对SBP-SAT方法的相关研究目前较少,论文对该方法的研究背景,方法发展过程进行了介绍并基于SBP-SAT方法和弹性波动理论,结合初边值条件,推导出曲线网格条件下的弹性波动SBP-SAT离散方程。最后,通过数值模拟实现地震波传播过程,介绍该方法在地震数值模拟领域中的应用价值和前景。     

QuEChERS-超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中30种农药残留

目的应用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定蔬菜中30种农药残留。方法蔬菜样品经粉碎后,乙腈超声提取,采用简化的QuEChERS法净化,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪检测。结果 30种农药在相应浓度范围内线性良好,相关系数r为0.9991～1.0000,在所添加的3个水平浓度下,方法平均回收率为70.6%～102.6%,相对标准偏差为0.3%～9.6%。结论方法操作简便,灵敏度高,分离效果好,回收率高,30种农药的检出下限均低于国家标准,可应用于实际蔬菜样品中多农药残留的同时检测。     

Simple validated method for simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol,nivalenol, and their 3-β-D-glucosides in baby formula and Korean rice wine via HPLC-UV with immunoaffinity cleanup

A simple and reliable method for the simultaneous determination of major type B trichothecene mycotoxins, deoxynivalenol (DON) and nivalenol (NIV), along with their 3-β-d-glucosides (DON-3-glucoside (DON3G) and NIV-3-glucoside (NIV3G)) in baby formula and Korean rice wine was validated in the present study. The method was based on immunoaffinity cleanup followed by analysis using an HPLC-UV technique. The method was validated in-house for two matrices as follows: linearity (R² > 0.99) was established in the range of 20–1000 μg kg^–1; accuracy (expressed as recovery) ranged from 78.7 to 106.5% for all the analytes; good intermediate precision (relative standard deviation < 12%), and adequate detection and quantitation limits (< 4.4 and < 13.3 μg kg^–1, respectively) were achieved. Furthermore, the estimated measurement expanded uncertainty was determined to be 4–24%. The validated method was successfully applied to the analysis of 31 baby formulas and Korean rice wines marketed in Korea.