A novel utilized method of tar derived from biomass gasification for fabricating binder-free all-solid-state hybrid supercapacitors

As an industrial pollutant, tar derived from biomass gasification is used as the precursor for fabricating a novel carbon-metal hydroxides composite electrode. A slurry (the mixture of tar, KOH and melamine) is daubed uniformly onto the nickel foam, which is directly carbonized to form NPC@LDH electrode material. This electrode is further coated with NiCo-LDH nanosheets using an electrodeposition method to form NF@NPC@LDH. The newly made NF@NPC@LDH electrode exhibits a high specific capacity of 9.6 F cm⁻² at a current density of 2 mA cm⁻² and good rate performance (55.3% retention). Furthermore, a hybrid NF@NPC@LDH//NF@PC all-solid-state supercapacitor is fabricated, and the device exhibits high energy density of 1.28 mWh cm⁻³ at a power density of 8.04 mW cm⁻³, low resistance and good cycling stability.     

再生骨料对混凝土力学性能及耐久性影响的研究

针对再生骨料由于本身结构缺陷的原因，造成混凝土力学性能和耐久性不良的问题，采用再生骨料裹浆预处理和密实骨架堆积配合比设计方法，弥补再生骨料的结构缺陷，提高混凝土密实程度，使得再生骨料混凝土的抗压强度和抗碳化性能、抗氯离子渗透性能得到有效改善。     

基于多线结构光的弱纹理物体形貌测量方法

大多数现有的主流结构光测量装置在被测物体的表面上投射单条激光,通过移动装置实现物体表面的扫描重建。为了实现物体表面的在线快速重建,将多线结构光和双目立体视觉理论相结合,设计了一种新的三维测量方法。提出了一种结合形态滤波和Zhang-Suen细化算法的光条骨架提取方法和基于光条序列关系的光条匹配算法,并通过极线约束实现光条上特征点的精确匹配。通过实验验证了方法的有效性,相对误差在3%以内。     

C_4/C_5烯烃骨架异构化催化剂的制备及工业应用

采用水热晶化法合成了FER-S(加结构导向剂)和FER-01(不加结构导向剂)2种FER型ZSM-35分子筛,制备出C_4/C_5烯烃骨架异构化催化剂,利用X射线衍射法、氨气-程序升温脱附法等测试方法表征了分子筛结构,在固定床反应器装置上评价了催化剂异构化反应性能,并在中国石油乌鲁木齐石化公司40万t/a轻汽油醚化装置上考察了FER-S的工业应用情况。结果表明:FER-S,FER-01的结晶度分别为98%,83%,前者的强酸中心少于后者,且前者含有更多的微孔,催化剂性能更佳;FER-S在催化C_4和C_5烯烃异构化的反应中,正构烯烃转化率分别大于35%,45%,异构化选择性均高于90%;工业用FER-S在工业装置运行第1周期(769 h)内的72 h标定期间,C_5正构烯烃转化率达到62.4%～76.8%,异构化选择性高于90%,催化剂经过再生后,第2周期(1 053 h)的运行时间比第1周期至少延长37%。     

聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜的制备及性能研究

传统方法制备的异相离子交换膜,在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中使用存在树脂粉脱落和膜性能严重下降的现象,针对这一问题使用流涎法制备出了以聚偏氟乙烯为高分子膜骨架,以聚氯乙烯树脂粉为主要荷电基团,以磷钨酸和磷酸锆颗粒为掺杂荷电基团的聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜。研究了聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜的基本性能,测试了膜在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中的电解稳定性,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对膜的表面和截面微观形貌进行了表征。结果表明,相比于传统方法制备的异相阳离子交换膜,流涎法制备的聚合物基杂化阳离子交换膜,膜的选择透过性能和导电性能均有所提高,在强酸强氧化性溶液体系中的电解稳定性也得到了很大的改善,基本上不存在树脂粉脱落和膜性能严重下降的问题。     

Effect of cytoskeleton on ice crystal growth in cells during freezing

The factors affecting intracellular ice formation (IIF) and growth is essential to the mechanistic understanding of cellular damage through freezing. In the aid of high speed and high-resolution cryo-imaging technology, the broad bean intracellular ice formation and growth processes were successfully captured during freezing. Cytochalasin B（CB）was used to solubilize the cytoskeleton. Images of IIF were compared between cells with and without cytoskeleton. The behavior of intracellular ice crystal formation in plant tissues with or without CB was evaluated using changes of cell areas, the probability of crystallization, and growing rate of intracellular ice crystal. Moreover, light intensity figures were used to determine cell damage. This study showed that the cytoskeleton was involved in ice crystal nucleation mechanism during freezing responses of the plant cells.     

激励对往复式骨架油封密封性能的影响

为改善往复式骨架油封的泄漏问题,建立油封唇口密封区流体润滑的数值计算模型,模型考虑密封面粗糙形貌以及油封唇口的径向变形,通过求解雷诺方程分析密封区的流体力学特性,获得密封区的油膜厚度和压力分布,并分析激振频率和振幅对密封性能的影响规律。结果表明:随着激振频率的增加,内外行程中密封区的最小膜厚呈先增加后减小的变化趋势,激振频率越大,往复式骨架油封的密封性越差;内外行程中密封区的的最小膜厚随激振振幅的增加呈非线性增加,激振振幅越大,往复式骨架油封的密封性越好。综合考虑,为提高密封效果,往复式骨架油封适用于小频高幅的工作场合。     

Effect of impact angle on wear behavior of Mo2NiB2–Ni cermets with different Ni content

Herein, the influence of the impact angle and Ni content on the wear behavior of Mo₂NiB₂–Ni cermets was studied using an erodent-carrying slurry comprising artificial seawater and SiO₂ sands. The results reveal that the material loss may be attributed to the wear damage caused by SiO₂ sands because cermets are expected to exhibit good corrosion resistance in artificial seawater. The relative density of cermets markedly influences their resistance to wear damage, and the material loss experienced by cermets with poor relative density is 2–4 times higher than that of cermets with good relative density; this occurs because a higher relative density can markedly enhance the mechanical properties and reduce the defects in the cermets. Moreover, the results indicate that as the impact angle increases from 0° to 60°, the manifestation of the wear mechanism changes from damaging the Ni binder phase (caused by single cutting wear) to damaging both the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases due to the combination of cutting wear and impact wear. The wear damage is dominated by the cutting wear and impact wear from SiO₂ sand at the low and high impact angles, respectively. Furthermore, the severe deterioration of the single ceramic skeleton at high impact angles indicates that the synergistic influence of the Mo₂NiB₂ ceramic and Ni binder phases on enhancing the wear resistance of the cermets intensifies at high impact angles.     

Laser damage resistance of plasma-sprayed alumina and honeycomb skeleton/alumina composite ceramic coatings

Al₂O₃ and honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coatings on Titanium alloy (Ti–6Al–4V) were prepared by atmospheric plasma spraying. A laser ablation experiment on as-sprayed coatings was performed. In this paper, the laser damage resistance, microstructure, phase composition of Al₂O₃ coatings were examined. 3D Dimensional Confocal Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (EDS) characterized the laser damage morphology, microstructure, phase composition, and element analysis, respectively. The influence of the honeycomb skeleton on the laser ablation damage on as-sprayed coatings was investigated by a comparative analysis of the laser damage morphology with different laser ablation times and gas flow. The results show that the honeycomb skeleton raises thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity. Moreover, a “tower”-like dendrite was generated during the laser irradiation of the composite coating. The honeycomb skeleton refined the structure, suppressed crack propagation, and reduced the influence of gas flow on cracks. Under the same experimental laser ablation parameters, the laser damage area of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was smaller than that of the Al₂O₃ coating. It was demonstrated that the laser damage resistance of the honeycomb skeleton-Al₂O₃ composite coating was superior to that of the Al₂O₃ coating.