Sounds Stimulation on In Vitro HL1 Cells: A Pilot Study and a Theoretical Physical Model

Mechanical vibrations seem to affect the behaviour of different cell types and the functions of different organs. Pressure waves, including acoustic waves (sounds), could affect cytoskeletal molecules via coherent changes in their spatial organization and mechano-transduction signalling. We analyzed the sounds spectra and their fractal features. Cardiac muscle HL1 cells were exposed to different sounds, were stained for cytoskeletal markers (phalloidin, beta-actin, alpha-tubulin, alpha-actinin-1), and studied with multifractal analysis (using FracLac for ImageJ). A single cell was live-imaged and its dynamic contractility changes in response to each different sound were analysed (using Musclemotion for ImageJ). Different sound stimuli seem to influence the contractility and the spatial organization of HL1 cells, resulting in a different localization and fluorescence emission of cytoskeletal proteins. Since the cellular behaviour seems to correlate with the fractal structure of the sound used, we speculate that it can influence the cells by virtue of the different sound waves’ geometric properties that we have photographed and filmed. A theoretical physical model is proposed to explain our results, based on the coherent molecular dynamics. We stress the role of the systemic view in the understanding of the biological activity.     

基于GA-BP的汽车风振噪声声品质预测模型

目前对于汽车风振噪声的优化研究主要以声压级（Sound pressure level，SPL）作为单一评价指标，既不能全面反映噪声的物理属性，也无法考虑人耳对噪声的主观认知过程。为准确评价风振噪声，引入声品质，运用大涡模拟（Large eddy simulation，LES）对风振噪声进行数值仿真，根据实车道路试验判断仿真的准确性；对仿真结果进行声品质客观评价与主观评价，综合声品质客观评价参数与声品质主观评价试验结果建立BP神经网络预测模型；利用遗传算法（Genetic algorithm，GA），进一步对BP神经网络的结构参数进行优化，建立GA-BP声品质预测模型。研究结果表明，GA-BP声品质预测模型在训练速度和预测精度上都优于BP神经网络预测模型。预测模型基于声品质主客观评价结果，其预测值可以代替传统的声压级评价指标，为风振噪声提供更为准确合理的评价。     

Rapid preparation of Palygorskite/Al2O3 composite aerogels with superhydrophobicity,high-temperature thermal insulation and improved mechanical properties

Al₂O₃ aerogels are widely employed in heat insulation and flame retardancy because of their unique combination of low thermal conductivity and exceptional high-temperature stability. However, the mechanical properties of Al₂O₃ aerogel are poor, and the preparation time is considerably long. In this study, we present a simple and scalable approach to construct monolithic Pal/Al₂O₃ composite aerogels using solvothermal treatment instead of traditional solvent replacement, which remarkably shortened the preparation time. Subsequently, to obtain stable superhydrophobicity (θ > 152°), the Pal/Al₂O₃ aerogel was modified by gas-phase modification method. The obtained Pal/Al₂O₃ composite aerogels demonstrate the integrated properties of low density (0.078–0.106 g/cm³), low thermal conductivity (1000 °C, 0.143 W/(m·K)), good mechanical properties (Young's modulus, 1.6 MPa), and good heat resistance. The monolithic Pal/Al₂O₃ composite aerogels with improved mechanical performance and improved thermal stability can show great potential in the field of thermal insulation.     

Nanograin–glass dual-phasic,elasto-flexible,fatigue-tolerant,and heat-insulating ceramic sponges at large scales

Ceramics are considered intrinsically brittle at room temperature, which is mainly attributed to the limited availability of crystallographic slips and pre-existing geometrical flaws. Moreover, the lack of flexibility has severely hindered many high-end applications of ceramic materials. Here, we produce ceramic sponges that are simultaneously ultra-light, elasto-flexible, thermally insulating, and can fully recover from large deformation with a near-zero Poisson's ratio. These spongy materials also possess superb fatigue resistance without the accumulation of damage or structural collapse for 10,000 large-scale compressive or buckling cycles. We demonstrate the exceptional flexibility is enabled by the elastic distortion of nanograin–glassy dual phase and the fiber bulking in open-cell three-dimensional structure. Moreover, these spongy materials possess superior temperature-invariant superelasticity from deep cryogenic temperatures (−196 °C) to high temperature (1500 °C). Our study not only developed mechanically reliable lightweight ceramics for numerous extreme applications, but also provided new theoretical insights into the origin of flexibility in polycrystalline ceramics.     

Analysis of suitability of TPP ash-slag waste as materials for hydrogen fuel storage

The current trends in energy were described, the main of which is the use of alternative energy sources, especially hydrogen. The most common methods of hydrogen accumulation were proposed: accumulation of compressed gaseous hydrogen in high-pressure tanks; accumulation of liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks; storing hydrogen in a chemically bound state; accumulation of gaseous hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. Based on the combination of advantages and disadvantages, the most promising methods of accumulation were selected: storage of liquid hydrogen and storage of hydrogen in carriers with a high specific surface area. The main requirement for materials for hydrogen storage by these methods was revealed – a high specific surface area. Prospects for the development of waste-free low-emission technologies due to the recycling of secondary raw materials and the development of low-temperature technologies for the synthesis of functional and structural materials were substantiated. The applicability of large-scale ash and slag waste from coal-fired thermal power plants as a raw material for obtaining materials by low-temperature technologies was shown. The traditional ways of using ash and slag waste as a raw material, active additive and filler in the production of cements were described. Modern technologies for the production of innovative materials with a unique set of properties were presented, namely carbon nanotubes, silica aerogel and geopolymer materials. The prospect of using geopolymer matrices as a precursor for the synthesis of a number of materials was described; the most promising type of materials was selected – geopolymer foams, which are mainly used as sorbents for purifying liquids and gases or accumulating target products, as well as heat-insulating materials. The possibility of obtaining products of any shape and size on the basis of geopolymer matrices without high-temperature processing was shown. The special efficiency of the development of the technology of porous granules and powders obtained from a geopolymer precursor using various methods was substantiated. The obtained granules can be used in the following hydrogen storage technologies: direct accumulation of hydrogen in porous granules; creation of insulating layers for liquid hydrogen storage units.     

Effect of functionally graded structure design on durability and thermal insulation capacity of plasma-sprayed thick thermal barrier coating

This paper aimed to design and optimize the structure of a thick thermal barrier coating by adding graded layers to achieve a balance between high thermal insulation capacity and durability. To this end, conventional TBC, conventional TTBC, and functionally graded TTBCs were deposited on the superalloy substrate by air plasma spraying. To determine the quality of the bond strength of the coatings, the bonding strength was measured. The durability of coatings was evaluated by isothermal oxidation and thermal shock tests. Then, at a temperature of 1000 °C, the thermal insulation capacity of the coatings was carried out. The microstructure of the coatings was characterized by a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that the thickness of the TGO layer formed on the bond coat in the conventional TBC and TTBC under the oxidation test at 1000 °C after 150 h was 2.79 and 2.11 μm, respectively, whereas, in the functionally graded TTBC samples, no continuous TGO layer was observed as a result of internal oxidation. The functionally graded TTBC presented higher durability than conventional TTBC due to improved bonding strength, thermal shock resistance, and the lack of a TGO layer at the bond/top coat interface. Also, the thermal insulation capacity of the functionally graded TTBC (with 1000 μm thickness of YSZ coating) was better than TTBC.     

新型无机内保温涂层的性能及应用

根据水泥烧成热耗的组成，降低高温设备表面散热是降低水泥烧成热耗的重要途径之一，而减少高温窑炉墙壁的热传导可有效降低设备的表面散热。本文在介绍无机内保温涂层隔热原理的基础上，对保温涂层的应用效果进行了对比研究，通过在传统耐火隔热材料的基础上增加新型无机内保温涂层，可有效降低高温设备外表面温度，减少水泥生产中的散热损失，达到节能降耗的目的。     

热定形对并列复合再生聚酯短纤维性能的影响

以再生聚酯瓶片料和泡料混合料为原料进行并列复合纺丝,并经后纺工艺处理得到并列复合再生聚酯短纤维。通过对纤维进行干热定形,研究热定形温度、时间对并列复合再生聚酯短纤的强伸性能、卷曲性能和热收缩性能的影响。结果表明:聚酯短纤维的断裂强度和断裂伸长率随着热定形温度升高而增大;断裂强度随热定形时间的延长逐渐下降,断裂伸长率先增大后减小,在20 min时达到最大值,为17.4%,声速取向因子则随着热定形时间的延长呈现下降趋势。纤维的卷曲性能随着热定形温度的升高而改善,较短的时间内,纤维的卷曲性能已经达到最佳;热定形温度的升高使纤维的热收缩率增大;并列复合再生聚酯短纤维的最佳热定形温度是140～160℃,最佳定形时间为10 min。     

Corrosion of Li-ion battery cathode materials on mullite insulation materials during calcination

A specially designed experimental device was used in laboratory to investigate the corrosion of mullite during the calcination of Li(Ni_xCo_yMn_z)O₂ (LNCM) materials. The anti-corrosion tests were carried out at 1000, 1100, 1200 and 1300 °C, and characterized with X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The influence of temperature on the interactions between mullite insulation materials and LNCM materials was determined. In addition, the high-temperature creep properties of the mullite insulation materials before and after corrosion were tested. The laboratory scale tests, thermodynamic and kinetic calculations allowed a more comprehensive understanding of the evolution of the mullite insulation materials during serving for the roasting process of LNCM materials. Through this research, it is suggested that the upgrading of the kiln lining in the lithium battery industry should select materials with excellent resistance to alkali corrosion, especially excellent resistance to Li⁺ corrosion.     

Rubber's dissipated energy quantification used in vibratory insulation and protection systems

In vibratory protection and insulation systems, the major problem consist to choose suitable passive elements (spring, damper, others), which are inserted between the resonator and the exciter which have the role of preventing or reducing the transmission of dynamic forces. This work consists of characterizing a synthetic rubber (SR) sample of hollow circular shape (design requirement) by determining the coefficient of energy dissipation at an average ambient temperature of 20°C with a humidity of 25%. The mechanical load and discharge tests make it possible to draw hysteresis curves through which the dissipation coefficient will be determined, the load values is between 500 and 1000 N, with 30, 60, and 90 mm/min loading speeds and a number of cycles 2, 3, and 5, these values have been chosen so as not to cause the effect of cyclic hardening and softening and also to take into consideration, that the vibration limits movement at 3 cycles, which makes this test different from other tests such as fatigue. The processing of different curves, allows to determine energy dissipation coefficient of rubber specimen and also to examine its variation as a function of load, loading speed, and number of cycles; it is possible to determine other characteristics from this coefficient, such as, damping ratio, dynamic amplification factor, and so on, necessary to study efficiency of protection systems, design, and manufacture, based on the curve of transmissibility of dynamic forces to evaluate performance rubber conditions use.