我国水-能源-粮食耦合关系及影响因素

为缓解我国水、能源和粮食资源紧张问题，促进资源可持续利用，构建水-能源-粮食系统，利用耦合协调度模型对我国的30个省（自治区、直辖市）进行测算,并利用空间杜宾模型分析主要影响因素。结果表明：2003—2017年，我国能源、粮食评价[JP]指数高于水资源评价指数，系统综合评价指数逐年递增；大部分省份耦合协调度处于初级协调水平且呈现逐年上升的态势，个别省份耦合协调度濒临失调；耦合协调度空间自相关性较强，虽有明显波动，但是呈现逐年加强的态势；影响耦合协调度的主要因素有从业人口数、固定资产投资额、人均生产总值、人口总数、[JP]文盲人口占比、工业污染排放、城镇化。     

空间曲线的特征识别与高质量非均匀采样

为避免传统均匀采样方法因忽视曲线重要特征而生成不理想的采样结果,获得给定数量且由特征点和辅助点组成的采样点序列,提出基于特征识别的高质量空间曲线非均匀采样方法.首先使用抛物线插值法得到曲线上所有曲率极大值点和挠率极大值点的近似位置,经筛选后产生特征点,以更好地抓住空间曲线的轮廓特征.然后定义基于弧长、曲率和挠率加权组合的特征函数,并以此自适应地选取曲线上的辅助点.与3种主流采样方法比较的实验结果表明,该方法能够获得更高质量的采样结果且具有更好的实用性,从而进一步改善空间曲线的B样条拟合效果.     

西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额空间分布及影响因素

燕麦为西藏自治区典型牧草之一,由于种植区地域辽阔,灌溉试验结果受限,西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额尚不明确。本文在西藏燕麦主要种植区内选取28个典型站点进行资料收集,遵循农业气候相似原则进行区域划分,基于水量平衡法揭示了西藏燕麦主要种植区灌溉定额的空间分布特征,并根据统计学原理分析了其影响因素。研究表明:燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额呈由西藏中部至东部呈现先递增后递减的趋势,50%水文年下的燕麦灌溉定额在56~265 mm之间变化。降雨量是影响研究区内燕麦灌溉定额的主要因素(R²为0.515),ET₀次之(R²为0.152);其它气象因素中,日照时数对研究区燕麦灌溉定额影响较大(R²为0.462),且呈正相关关系;相对湿度对燕麦灌溉定额影响较小。西藏燕麦主要种植区的灌溉定额及其空间分布可为西藏自治区灌溉用水管理提供支撑。     

Electrical and optical characteristics of atmospheric helium jet array plasma

In this paper, a honeycomb structure jet array with seven jet units was adopted to generate plasmas. Both the average discharge power and the emission intensity of the main excited species increase with increasing applied voltage. There are three stages of discharge evolution at different applied voltages: initial discharge, uniform discharge and strong coupling discharge.The spatial distribution of the emission intensity of the excited species can be divided into three categories: growth class, weakening class and variation class. The gas temperature along the whole plasma plume at different applied voltages is maintained at around 320K and can be widely used in heat-labile applications.     

正则化图形模糊聚类及鲁棒分割算法

针对现有图形模糊聚类算法合理性差和抗噪能力弱的问题，提出嵌入对称正则项的图形模糊聚类鲁棒算法。将样本聚类所对应的中立度与拒分度相结合构造对称正则项，嵌入现有图形模糊聚类所对应的目标函数；同时，利用像素邻域所对应的均值信息辅助当前像素聚类并构造了空间信息约束正则项，采用拉格朗日乘子法获得正则化图形模糊聚类鲁棒分割算法。不同噪声干扰图像分割结果表明，所建议的分割算法是有效的，相比现有的鲁棒模糊聚类分割算法具有更强的抑制噪声能力。     

Automated delineation of non-small cell lung cancer: A step toward quantitative reasoning in medical decision science

Quantitative reasoning in medical decision science relies on the delineation of pathological objects. For example, evidence-based clinical decisions regarding lung diseases require the segmentation of nodules, tumors, or cancers. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tends to be large sized, irregularly shaped, and grows against surrounding structures imposing challenges in the segmentation, even for expert clinicians. An automated delineation tool based on spatial analysis was developed and studied on 25 sets of computed tomography scans of NSCLC. Manual and automated delineations were compared, and the proposed method exhibited robustness in terms of the tumor size (5.32–18.24 mm), shape (spherical or irregular), contouring (lobulated, spiculated, or cavitated), localization (solitary, pleural, mediastinal, endobronchial, or tagging), and laterality (left or right lobe) with accuracy between 80% and 99%. Small discrepancies observed between the manual and automated delineations may arise from the variability in the practitioners' definitions of region of interest or imaging artifacts that reduced the tissue resolution.     

光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率的量化评估

针对光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率目视判定重复性、准确性差,并且难以量化等问题,提出一套基于卷积神经网络模型的空间分辨率量化评估方法。参照相关标准JJF(闽)1088-2018,采取不同的拍摄条件拍摄并切割出空间分辨率线对图像,对图像进行人工分类。设计卷积神经网络结构,采用卷积层、池化层和全连接层结构,并使用已分类完成的空间分辨率线对图像对模型进行训练。最终使用测试集对模型进行评估,结果表明,模型在测试集上的判别正确率达到99.2%。该方法满足使用要求,可取代目视判别,提高了光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪空间分辨率判定的准确性与重复性,并为其量化提出了新的解决思路。由于太阳电池片用光致发光缺陷检测仪与光伏用电致发光缺陷检测仪的成像方式类似,该方法可兼容太阳电池片光致发光检测仪的性能评估。     

重庆主城区城市空间结构演变与优化——基于公共服务功能组织视角

城市空间结构与城市公共服务功能组织密切相关。重庆主城区作为典型的"多中心、组团式"城市,在城市公共服务功能的就近组织、公共服务需求的均衡化方面具有先天的优势。本文梳理重庆主城区空间结构的演进历程以及与公共服务需求变化的互动关系,辨识随着城市功能由生产向消费转型,空间面临的结构问题及其内在动因,借鉴马斯洛理论,提出顺应当前及未来公共服务需求层次的分异,城市空间结构应从"多中心、组团式"进一步向"分层多中心、组团式"优化,引导形成相对集中、功能综合的基层"小、微中心"体系,以有序组织公共服务功能,最大限度地减少非必要交通出行,降低居民出行的时耗,提升城市效率,并借鉴恩格尔系数构建衡量城市效率的评价框架,为破解山地城市空间结构问题,推动城市空间转型提供新的思考视角。     

Does interior color contrast enhance spatial memory?

This study investigated the effect of contrast in neutral-, warm-, and cool-colored spaces on spatial memory. Spatial memory was measured in terms of architectural scale and recollection of architectural elements and furniture. Participants (N = 114) viewed a short virtual simulation video of a residential studio and were asked to sketch a map of the architectural elements on distributed grid paper. Spatial memory was measured in terms of scale, and item recall rate. Contrast and hue had no significant effect on the memorization of proportional scale. However, high-contrast schemes allowed for a significantly higher recollection of architectural elements than low-contrast schemes. In comparing the effect of hues, a significant difference was seen in recalling detailed furniture and lighting items. Participants reported significantly better spatial memory of neutral and warm color schemes than of cool color schemes. There was no interaction effect between contrast and hue in the color combinations. These results can be applied in the design of color schemes for architectural spaces requiring enhanced spatial cognition and memory.