Physics‐based spectral sharpening through filter‐chart calibration

The spectral overlap of color‐sampling filters increases errors when using a diagonal matrix transform, for color correction and reduces color distinction. Spectral sharpening is a transformation of colors that was introduced to reduce color‐constancy errors when the colors are collected through spectrally overlapping filters. The earlier color‐constancy methods improved color precision when the illuminant color is changed, but they overlooked the color distinction. In this article, we introduce a new spectral sharpening technique that has a good compromise of color precision and distinction, based on real physical constraints. The spectral overlap is measured through observing a gray reference chart with a set of real and spectrally disjoint filters selected by the user. The new sharpening method enables to sharpen colors obtained by a sensor without knowing the camera response functions. Experiments with real images showed that the colors sharpened by the new method have good levels of color precision and distinction as well. The color‐constancy performance is compared with the data‐based sharpening method in terms of both precision and distinction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 40, 564–576, 2015     

HealthSit: Designing Posture-Based Interaction to Promote Exercise during Fitness Breaks

This research was motivated by a desire to help office workers change their sedentary behavior because a prolonged sedentary posture increases the risks of developing musculoskeletal injuries and chronic diseases, thus threatening their physical and psychological well-being. Regular breaks involving low-effort physical activities are effective in reducing the adverse impacts of inactive behaviors. In this article, we present the design of a posture-based interactive system called HealthSit, which was developed to promote a short lower-back stretching exercise during work breaks. Through a within-subject study involving 30 office workers, the effectiveness of HealthSit in facilitating the stretching exercise was examined by making comparisons between an interaction-aided, a guided, and a self-directed exercise mode. We also used HealthSit as a research probe to investigate the interactivity of the system in enhancing user experience and the psychological benefits of the fitness breaks. Compared with the other two modes, the interaction-aided exercise mode significantly improved the quality of the stretching exercise and enhanced motivation and emotional state. These results confirm the effectiveness of HealthSit in supporting fitness breaks as a new workplace technology. Based on our study, a set of design implications have been derived for technology-assisted fitness work breaks.     

后张法预应力筋理论伸长量精确计算方法探讨

对现行的JTJ041—2000公路桥涵施工技术规范预应力筋理论伸长量计算方法进行了理解与补充，并对由直线与曲线组成曲线筋张拉理论伸长量分段精确计算公式进行了推导，并提出了计算注意事项。     

护坡植物根系与岩体相互作用的力学特性

通过野外原位拉拔试验，选取灌木铁仔、黄荆、羊蹄甲和禾本科金发草等4种植物，按着生点基岩风化程度不同，测定植株的抗拔力、单根的力学特性和生物指标，研究护坡植物根系与岩体相互作用的力学特性。试验结果表明：受根系构型、受力单根的极限抗拉力及作用根系数量的影响，其单根极限抗拉力随根径的增加而增大，之间有很好的幂函数关系；随植物类型不同，单根的拉力-伸长率关系不同，且极限伸长率随着根径的不同而变化，羊蹄甲与黄荆的拉力-伸长率为线性关系，遵从胡克定律，而灌木铁仔的拉力-伸长率为对数函数关系，羊蹄甲与黄荆根系的极限伸长率表现为随根径增大而降低，铁仔根系的极限伸长率与根径的关系表现出单峰形曲线；在地茎或株高相近的情况下，灌木的抗拔力随基岩风化程度的加剧而增大，在基岩风化程度相近的情况下，抗拔力随地茎、株高及地下生物量的增加而增大，之间具有很好的指数关系；草本植物金发草生物指标与抗拔力之间无明显的数学关系，与基岩问的力学作用不明显。探明根系力学作用特性随植被与基岩类型改变而改变的特征，可为岩石边坡植被护坡工程构造设计及植被类型选择提供必要的参考。     

Influence of trace Ca addition on texture and stretch formability of AM50 magnesium alloy sheet

The AM50, AM50–0.1Ca, AM50–0.3Ca and AM50–0.5Ca (wt.%) alloys were hot-rolled and their mechanical properties were determined for the purpose of investigating the effect of trace Ca addition on the texture and stretch formability of AM50 alloy. The results show that the addition of trace Ca can effectively modify the basal texture, which is characterized by the split of basal poles deviated from the normal direction (ND) after the hot rolling, while a broad spread of the basal planes toward the transverse direction (TD) after the annealing. Such change of the basal texture is related to the prior formation of massive compression twins and the decrease of the c/a ratio. Erichsen value increases from 2.25 to 4.21 mm with the increase of Ca content. The enhancement of stretch formability is ascribed to the weakened basal texture, which results in the increase of n-value and the decrease of r-value.     

Short‐term effects in a reduced flow stretch: The case of the Antas River in South Brazil

The building of adduction channels (penstocks) that conduct water from reservoirs to turbines, which are located kilometres from the dam, is becoming common, optimizing the electricity generation in small dams. This design creates a river stretch with reduced discharge between the dam and the powerhouse. This study evaluates the short‐term impacts of the below‐dam decrease in river flow on fish assemblages. Samples were collected in the reduced flow stretch of the Castro Alves Hydropower Plant (Antas River, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil) before the reservoir started operating (January 2008; mean discharge of 103.7 m³/s) and immediately after operation began (March 2008; mean discharge of 12.4 m³/s). Sampling was conducted in distinct habitats of the reduced flow stretch (slow waters—gillnets, sand beaches—seining nets, structured littoral—electrofishing, and fast waters—cast nets) with a strongly standardized effort. The attributes of the fish assemblages were not negatively affected by the flow reduction in any habitat sampled. However, distinct changes in the spatial structure were observed considering the different types of habitat predominantly used by the species, which represents an entire reorganization of the fish assemblages in the short term. It is fundamental that these short‐term aspects be considered in the licensing of hydropower plants in addition to the long‐term changes.     

拼焊板结构件拉弯成形工艺参数的正交试验研究

工艺参数对拼焊板拉弯成形结构件的外形精度有着重要的影响,针对所研究的拼焊板零件的结构形式,其外侧线轮廓、内侧线轮廓、筋部面轮廓等都是评价成形质量的重要指标。通过正交试验,研究了拉弯成形过程中的夹头各阶段的旋转角α1~α4,以及夹头沿坯料轴线方向的引伸力F等工艺参数,对构件外侧线轮廓、内侧线轮廓、筋部面轮廓、外侧面轮廓及内侧面轮廓等外形精度的影响,获得了影响拼焊板拉弯件成形外形精度的影响因素的主次顺序。研究结果表明,影响外侧线轮廓与筋部面轮廓因素的主次顺序为:引伸力F、旋转角α4、旋转角α3、旋转角α2、旋转角α1;内侧线轮廓各个影响因素的极差值均很小,且测量值均匀,可认为内侧线轮廓基本不受工艺参数影响;影响外侧面轮廓与内侧面轮廓因素的主次顺序为:旋转角α3、旋转角α4、旋转角α2、旋转角α1、引伸力F。     

基于ARM+DSP的数字搓盘机的设计与实现

设计并实现了一款基于ARM和DSP的数字搓盘机。该数字搓盘机不但实现了传统模拟搓盘机的各项功能，而且增加模拟搓盘机无法实现的变速不变调等功能。该数字搓盘机支持CD／CD—R／CD—RW光盘、USB141存盘等存储设备，支持CD—DA，MP3，AAC，WMA，WAV等多种音乐格式．完全满足了DJ（Discjockey，可理解为搓动唱片的音乐人）的操作需要。     

Process design for multi-stage stretch forming of aluminium alloy aircraft skin

A process design approach for multi-stage stretch forming was proposed by combining the strain distribution method and finite element method (FEM) to determine the minimum stage number and deformation amount of each stage. The strain distribution method was used to calculate the deformation amount of each stage and evaluate the formability through a safety criterion. FE simulation was taken as an analysis tool to reveal the deformation behaviour, to predict the strain contour and to determine the process parameters at each stage. To evaluate the effect of heat treatment after pre-strain on occurrence of deformation defects during the subsequent deformation, a multi-stage uniaxial tension test for 2B06 aluminium alloy sheet was carried out. A case study demonstrates that the approach has high reliability and good practicability.