Single Cell Bioprinting with Ultrashort Laser Pulses

Tissue engineering requires the precise positioning of mammalian cells and biomaterials on substrate surfaces or in preprocessed scaffolds. Although the development of 2D and 3D bioprinting technologies has made substantial progress in recent years, precise, cell-friendly, easy to use, and fast technologies for selecting and positioning mammalian cells with single cell precision are still in need. A new laser-based bioprinting approach is therefore presented, which allows the selection of individual cells from complex cell mixtures based on morphology or fluorescence and their transfer onto a 2D target substrate or a preprocessed 3D scaffold with single cell precision and high cell viability (93–99% cell survival, depending on cell type and substrate). In addition to precise cell positioning, this approach can also be used for the generation of 3D structures by transferring and depositing multiple hydrogel droplets. By further automating and combining this approach with other 3D printing technologies, such as two-photon stereolithography, it has a high potential of becoming a fast and versatile technology for the 2D and 3D bioprinting of mammalian cells with single cell resolution.     

针对细微特征进行K-means聚类的电台分选识别技术

现代战场中的无线通信设备日益增多，精准获取个体信息已成为研究热点，但也是难点。针对通信电台，提出了一种分选识别技术。该技术从电台物理层特性出发，对其辐射信号的细微特征进行K-means聚类以实现分选，分选的同时提取各个个体的特征属性值，未知信号通过与特征属性值相关运算实现个体识别。该技术无需先验知识，无需训练运算，通过实验验证，其可行、高效，易于工程实现。     

新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝构件受力的简化计算方法

针对常见泥石流防治结构被冲击破坏的问题，基于“柔性消能”理念，结合张弦梁结构和竖向预应力锚杆技术，提出一种既能改善结构受力性能、增加结构整体抗冲击能力、保证结构安全可靠，又能减小结构构件截面尺寸、节约成本、便于现场施工组装和后期运营维护的新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝，并阐述其技术原理。根据泥石流荷载分布和新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的受力特征，给出其简化的内力计算方法；并利用SAP2000建立新结构有限元模型，分析了结构的整体受力，验证了构件简化计算方法的合理性；结合Python语言和Qt De? signer软件开发了相应的设计计算软件，对新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的内力进行求解。结果表明：提出的新结构抗冲击性能好，构件受力均匀；以后设计中应关注竖杆的剪切脆性破坏和立柱偏心受力情况，保证结构安全；变形协调仅使底层张弦梁与竖杆内力偏大，实际工程应用时，应着重验算底层构件，防止其破坏；文中提出的简化计算方法能较准确的反映结构的受力特性，具有一定的合理性，研究可为新型地锚张弦梁式泥石流格栅坝的设计计算和推广应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

机抽—速度管复合排水采气新工艺

为了提高目前常用的排水采气工艺的适应性,同时降低由排采工艺调整带来的额外的成本开销,利用空心抽油杆对机抽工艺进行了改进,结合应用所研发的空心防气排水采气专用泵,形成了机抽—速度管复合排水采气工艺,并在鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田某产水气井进行了现场试验。研究结果表明:①该工艺实现了机抽与速度管柱、气举、泡排等多种排采工艺的自由组合,并且可根据气井产水特点灵活调整适合的排采工艺,提高了工艺的适应性;②采用的游动阀及固定阀均依靠抽油机动力和空心抽油杆重力实现强制启闭,避免了气锁和砂卡引起的机抽失效;③该工艺的选井原则为气井初期产气量较高(大于1×10~4m~3/d)、产水量相对较高(介于3～30 m~3/d),且井口到液面的距离小于2500m;④针对产气量分别为2×10~4m~3/d、1×10~4m~3/d的气井,需采用外径为36 mm、壁厚为6 mm或外径为38 mm、壁厚为6 mm的空心抽油杆进行速度管排水采气,针对产气量为0.6×10~4m~3/d的气井,需采用外径为34 mm、壁厚为5.5 mm的空心抽油杆进行速度管排水采气。结论认为,该工艺可以明显提高产水气井的稳产气量,实现产水气井的连续、稳定生产,应用效果好。     

超深高温高压气井完井含伸缩管测试管柱的应力与变形特征

塔里木盆地MJ4井测试管柱长6 617 m,测试时井底压力为101.63 MPa,完井作业过程中管柱出现了塑性变形问题,迫切需要准确地确定管柱塑性变形究竟发生在完井作业的哪个阶段。为此,采用三维有限元分析方法,结合MJ4井坐封、压裂和试油3个典型的载荷工况,对管柱的变形和轴向应力分布进行了数值计算,总结了含伸缩管的完井测试管柱力学行为计算流程。研究内容主要包括:①提出了具有伸缩管的油管柱系统中伸缩管的伸长与闭合状态的判断依据,并给出了相应的计算原理和计算公式,计算了MJ4井油管柱伸缩管的伸长—闭合状态;②给出了水力锚咬合不良产生的封隔器环空附加压差载荷的分析计算方法,模拟了其对管柱系统变形行为的影响,指出了附加压差载荷对管柱的塑性屈曲变形有着重要的影响;③计算模型引入了侧向屈曲变形的限制,从而间接考虑了接箍刚度对屈曲变形的影响,计算分析了油管柱在各种载荷共同作用下的变形情况,得到的数值结果显示与观察到的变形现象相同。研究结果表明,MJ4井管柱的塑性变形发生在压裂改造施工阶段,各种形式的液体压力载荷及重力载荷是塑性变形的主要原因。结论认为,含伸缩管测试管柱的力学计算模型可作为优化施工和管柱系统结构设计的重要理论工具和分析手段。     

连续管速度管柱带压起管工艺在川渝地区的应用

针对连续管速度管柱排液采气工艺中原起出速度管柱常用的先压井后作业方式，在致密气井中会造成压井液漏失并污染产层导致产能降低的问题，提出了一种新的暂堵方式——速度管柱带压起管工艺。介绍了该工艺的工作原理、关键装置及在现场的应用情况。应用结果表明，速度管柱带压起管工艺有效解决了带压起速度管柱必须压井的难题，同时保护了产层，提高了作业效率，降低了生产成本，可以确保生产井顺利投产。     

Multiemotional product color design using gray theory and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III

When users select products, they consider the emotional experience resulting from the color of the product. However, the emotional demands of users for product color are multidimensional and diverse. It is very important yet difficult to accurately grasp multiemotional image requirements and effectively convert them into design elements. Therefore, multiemotional product color design (MEPCD) has become a very important and challenging research topic. In this article, a novel MEPCD system using gray theory (GT) and nondominated sorting genetic algorithm-III (NSGA-III) is proposed to effectively solve the MEPCD problem. First, the image perception spaces of users, which exist in different emotional dimensions, were collected using factor analysis and the semantic differential technique. Then, GT was used to establish a multidimensional emotional product color image evaluation model. Finally, NSGA-III was used to optimize and design a multiemotional color scheme for a product. Furthermore, according to actual conditions, an MEPCD system was established based on the proposed method. The design case study shows that the method and design system proposed in this article have a certain range of applicability and can effectively improve the practicality of MEPCD.     

分数阶PID控制对钻柱黏滑振动的抑制

钻柱黏滑振动是导致钻井设备加速磨损、钻井安全性下降以及钻井效率降低的重要原因之一。针对钻柱的扭转运动,建立了钻柱、钻杆、BHA及钻头4自由度钻柱系统扭转模型。该模型考虑了扭转自由度、钻柱阻尼以及岩石与钻头相互作用的高度非线性摩擦;通过对钻柱模型进行仿真试验,分析了钻井参数对黏滑振动的影响;为了抑制钻柱黏滑振动,设计了一种分数阶PID控制器。研究结果表明:分数阶PID控制器能够快速稳定系统,缩短调节时间,有效抑制钻柱黏滑振动,它对黏滑振动的抑制效果明显优于传统PID控制器。研究结果对抑制钻柱黏滑振动研究具有参考意义,对降低钻井工具损害、提高钻井效率以及增强作业安全性有重要的指导意义。     

Influence of expertise on semantic categorization of wine odors

Aromatic characterization is a key element of enhancing one’s knowledge of wine. While several studies have investigated the importance of wine expertise in the ability to perform odor-related sensory tasks, little attention has been paid to the influence of expertise on the semantic categorization of wine odors. To bridge this gap, this study aimed to explore the influence of a subject’s expertise on the semantic representation of wine odors by means of a free sorting task. For this purpose, 156 subjects were recruited. Their level of expertise was measured using a questionnaire and the data analysis revealed four clusters of subjects with a gradual level of expertise. Subjects also performed a sorting task on 96 odor terms. From the number and the size of odor groups formed, as well as the additive tree representation and the consensus partition between the terms for each expertise level, we observed that all subjects, regardless of their experience, had largely the same semantic categorization of wine-odor attributes, which was mainly shaped by the sources of the odorants. It appeared that level of wine expertise played a minor role in creating the semantic representation of wine odors, affecting mainly the knowledge of specialized terms.     

Constrained differential evolution with multiobjective sorting mutation operators for constrained optimization

Differential evolution (DE) is a simple and powerful evolutionary algorithm for global optimization. DE with constraint handling techniques, named constrained differential evolution (CDE), can be used to solve constrained optimization problems (COPs). In existing CDEs, the parents are randomly selected from the current population to produce trial vectors. However, individuals with fitness and diversity information should have more chances to be selected. This study proposes a new CDE framework that uses nondominated sorting mutation operator based on fitness and diversity information, named MS-CDE. In MS-CDE, firstly, the fitness of each individual in the population is calculated according to the current population situation. Secondly, individuals in the current population are ranked according to their fitness and diversity contribution. Lastly, parents in the mutation operators are selected in proportion to their rankings based on fitness and diversity. Thus, promising individuals with better fitness and diversity are more likely to be selected as parents. The MS-CDE framework can be applied to most CDE variants. In this study, the framework is applied to two popular representative CDE variants, (μ + λ)-CDE and ECHT-DE. Experiment results on 24 benchmark functions from CEC’2006 and 18 benchmark functions from CEC’2010 show that the proposed framework is an effective approach to enhance the performance of CDE algorithms.