超级计算机网络引导技术研究与分析

针对超级计算机系统中网络引导时间开销大的问题，提出网络引导分布算法是影响网络引导性能的主要因素之一，是优化网络引导性能的主要方向的观点。首先，分析了影响大规模网络引导性能的主要因素；其次，结合一种典型超级计算机系统，分析了超节点循环分布算法（SCDA）和插件循环分布算法（BCDA）的网络引导数据流拓扑结构；最后，量化分析了这两种算法对各个网络路径段的压力和可获得的网络性能，发现BCDA性能是SCDA性能的1~20倍。通过理论分析和模型推导发现，在计算节点和引导服务器之间使用更细粒度的映射算法可以在引导部分资源时使用尽量多的引导服务器，减少对局部网络资源的过早竞争，提升网络引导性能。     

Two-dimensional nonsteady viscous flow simulation on the Navier-Stokes Computer miniNode

The needs of large-scale scientific computation are outpacing the growth in performance of mainframe supercomputers. In particular, problems in fluid mechanics involving complex flow simulations require far more speed and capacity than that provided by current and proposed Class VI supercomputers. To address this concern, the Navier-Stokes Computer (NSC) was developed. The NSC is a parallel-processing machine, comprised of individual Nodes, each comparable in performance to current supercomputers. The global architecture is that of a hypercube, and a 128-Node NSC has been designed. New architectural features, such as a reconfigurable many-function ALU pipeline and a multifunction memory-ALU switch, have provided the capability to efficiently implement a wide range of algorithms. Efficient algorithms typically involve numerically intensive tasks, which often include conditional operations. These operations may be efficiently implemented on the NSC without, in general, sacrificing vector-processing speed. To illustrate the architecture, programming, and several of the capabilities of the NSC, the simulation of two-dimensional, nonsteady viscous flows on a prototype Node, called the miniNode, is presented.     

NADRA 3D information technology for analysis of processes in multicomponent soil media

This paper considers the principles of algorithmic and software implementation of the software system NADRA 3D designed to analyze processes in three-dimensional multicomponent soil media. The principles of operation of NADRA 3D are described. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 6, pp. 157–174, November–December 2006.     

Design and optimization of parallel computers for processing mass data

Problems of high-performance processing of mass cluster data are considered. Estimates of execution times of parallel data processing programs and a heuristic algorithm of optimization of cluster architectures for such problems are proposed. __________ Translated from Kibernetika i Sistemnyi Analiz, No. 4, pp. 117–129, July–August 2006.     

YH-2并行巨型机结构设计的几项标准化工作

本文简要地介绍ＹＨ－２并行巨型机有关结构设计中对标准化、通用化及模块化的几点考虑。     

Ultrahigh-performance FFTs for the CRAY-2 and CRAY Y-MP supercomputers

In this paper a set of techniques for improving the performance of the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm on modern vector-oriented supercomputers is presented. Single-processor FFT implementations based on these techniques are developed for the CRAY-2 and the CRAY Y-MP, and it is shown that they achieve higher performance than previously measured on these machines. The techniques include (1) using gather/scatter operations to maintain optimum length vectors throughout all stages of small-to medium-sized FFTs, (2) using efficient radix-8 and radix-16 inner loops, which allow a large number of vector loads/stores to be overlapped, and (3) prefetching twiddle factors as vectors so that on the CRAY-2 they can later be fetched from local memory in parallel with common memory accesses. Performance results for Fortran implementations using these techniques demonstrate that they are faster than Cray's library FFT routine CFFT2. The actual speedups obtained, which depend on the size of the FFT being computed and the supercomputer being used, range from about 5 to over 300%.     

超级计算机体系结构及应用情况

本文概述了当今超级计算机体系结构类型及特点，考察了国外超级计算机在气象、核模拟、CFD、生物信息学和医学、天体物理学等典型应用领域的应用情况，分析了超级计算机体系结构与应用领域之间的关系。     

九十年代计算机发展展望

<正>自从1946年第一台电子计算机ENIAC问世以来,计算机技术一直不停地发展着,特别是进入七十年代以后,随着微电子技术取得的显著成就,其发展更为迅速。目前计算机已跨入全面采用大规模集成电路的第四代,并开始向具有知识处理功能的第五代过渡。在过去的十年里,对第五代计算机的基础工作已做了不少,现在正在进入实现阶段。甚至在这种计算机尚未真正出现之前,人们又在开始探讨和研究模仿人脑思维机理的神经网络计算机了,已有人称之为第六代计算机。因此在未来的十年中,第四代计算机将