Organic mesh template-based laminated object manufacturing to fabricate ceramics with regular micron scaled pore structures

A new aqueous slurry-based laminated object manufacturing process for porous ceramics is proposed: firstly, an organic mesh sheet is pre-paved as a pore-forming template before slurry layer scraping; secondly, the 2D pattern is built with laser outline cutting of the dried mesh–ceramic composite layer; finally, the pore structure is formed after degreasing and sintering. Alumina parts with porosities of 51.5 %, round hole diameters of 80 ± 5 μm were fabricated using 70 wt. % solid content slurry and 100 mesh nylon net. Using an organic mesh as the framework and template not only reduces the risk of damage of the green body but also ensures the regularity, uniformity and connectivity of the micron scaled pore network. The layer-by-layer drying method avoids the delamination phenomenon and improves the paving density. The new method can realize the flexible design of the pore structure by using various organic mesh templates.     

Synthesis of Hollow Three-Dimensional Channels LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4 Microsphere by PEO Soft Template Assisted with Solvothermal Method

A appropriate size with three-dimension(3 D) channels for lithium diffusion plays an important role in constructing highperforming LiNi_(0.5)Mn_(1.5)O_4(LNMO) cathode materials, as it can not only reduce the transport path of lithium ions and electrons, but also reduce the side effects and withstand the structural strain in the process of repetitive Li~+ intercalation/deintercalation. In this work, an e fficient method for designing the hollow LNMO microsphere with 3 D channels structure by using polyethylene oxide(PEO) as soft template agent assisted solvothermal method is proposed. Experimental results indicate that PEO can make the reagents mingle evenly and nucleate slowly in the solvothermal process, thus obtaining a homogeneous distribution of carbonate precursors. In the final LNMO products, the hollow 3 D channels structure obtained by the decomposition of PEO and carbonate precursor in the calcination can provide abundant electroactive zones and electron/ion transport paths during the charge/discharge process, which benefits to improve the cycling performance and rate capability. The LNMO prepared by adding 1 g PEO possesses the most outstanding electrochemical performance, which presented an excellent discharge capacity of 143.1 mAh g~(-1) at 0.1 C and with a capacity retention of 92.2% after 100 cycles at 1 C. The superior performance attributed to the 3 D channels structure of hollow microspheres, which provide uninterrupted conductive systems and therefore achieve the stable transfer for electron/ion.     

Nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon from polyaniline/silica self-aggregates for supercapacitor

In this paper, nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (N-HPC) was prepared from polyaniline (PANI)/silica self-aggregates. H-bonding between N-H groups in aniline/PANI and -OH groups in nano silica template led to a self-assembly type, which enabled the formation of uniform N-HPC nanoparticles. Silica self-aggregates provided macroporous channels resulted in a decreased diffusion distance. After removing the hard template, the N-HPC had a high surface area (899 m²·g^-1). Owing to two co-existed synergetic energy-storage mechanisms and the hierarchical porous structure, the obtained N-HPC exhibited a high specific capacitance of 218.75 F·g^-1 at 0.5 A·g^-1, compared with the nonporous nitrogen-doped carbon (N-C) derived from pure PANI. Moreover, the N-HPC electrode demonstrated excellent cycle life, retaining 99% of its initial specific capacitance after 1000 cycles.     

Using deep learning to combine static and dynamic power analyses of cryptographic circuits

Side-channel attacks have shown to be efficient tools in breaking cryptographic hardware. Many conventional algorithms have been proposed to perform side-channel attacks exploiting the dynamic power leakage. In recent years, with the development of processing technology, static power has emerged as a new potential source for side-channel leakage. Both types of power leakage have their advantages and disadvantages. In this work, we propose to use the deep neural network technique to combine the benefits of both static and dynamic power. This approach replaces the classifier in template attacks with our proposed long short-term memory network schemes. Hence, instead of deriving a specific probability density model for one particular type of power leakage, we gain the ability of combining different leakage sources using a structural algorithm. In this paper, we propose three schemes to combine the static and dynamic power leakage. The performance of these schemes is compared using simulated test circuits designed with a 45-nm library.     

Controlled galvanic decoration boosting catalysis: Enhanced glycerol electro-oxidation at Cu/Ni modified macroporous films

We report on glycerol electro-oxidation in alkaline medium at macroporous Ni electrodes decorated with Cu particles. Macroporous Ni film is electrodeposited, using hydrogen bubbles as dynamic templates, atop of a Cu substrate. This film shows good electrocatalytic activity towards glycerol oxidation reaction (GOR). The Ni film is further decorated with Cu via spontaneous deposition from CuSO₄ solution. This is done to enhance the catalytic activity of the film towards GOR. The morphology of the Cu-decorated Ni film is controlled using various additives such as KCl and (NH₄)₂SO₄ which are added to the Cu deposition bath. The as-prepared Cu-decorated Ni films are characterized by electrochemical measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is found that these additives have tremendous effects on the morphology and the electrocatalytic activity of the decorating Cu particles.The decorated Ni foam showed superior electrocatalytic activity towards the GOR, as confirmed by the negative shift in the onset oxidation potential (ca. 100 mV) together with an increase in oxidation current that is up to 1.5-fold during the cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements, compared to the undecorated Ni foam.     

模板法制备介孔TiO2的研究进展

介绍了采用软模板法和硬模板法制备介孔TiO_2的方法及其优缺点。软模板法和硬模板法制备介孔TiO_2的原理都是先将钛前驱体与模板进行组装,再通过焙烧等方式去除模板得到介孔结构。二者之间的区别在于所使用的模板不同,软模板容易得到,种类较多且方法简单,但不易控制介孔的结构;硬模板虽然种类较少,但胜在可以控制介孔的结构和性能。     

Engineering the Structure of Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Microspheres by the Surface Effect of Inverse Opal Templates and Temperature

The interactions of ions and molecules with material surface are highly dependent on the surface properties of the material. Therefore, the distribution of ions or molecules near the material surface may be affected by the surface properties. This phenomenon can be significant enough for controlling the structure of a material synthesized in the sub‐micrometer scale confinement space of a template. This work confirms that inverse opals are perfect templates for offering confinement space, while their different surface properties can strongly affect ion and block copolymer distribution in the confinement space. This surface effect principle can be used for the controlled synthesis of colloids with complex composition. As an example, four kinds of mesoporous magnetic bioactive glass colloids with ordered mesopores, core–shell structure, open surface pores, or disordered mesopores are prepared by using polystyrene and carbon inverse opal templates. This work reveals that inverse opal templates possess great advantage in controlled synthesizing colloidal structures due to their surface effect on ions and molecules and confinement space.     

含磷模板和不同硅源对多级孔ZSM-5分子筛结构和催化性能的影响

通过采用不同比例的四丁基氢氧化磷（TBPOH）和四丙基氢氧化铵（TPAOH）混合作为模板剂合成多级孔ZSM-5分子筛，采用XRD，BET，SEM，TEM，NH3-TPD，MAS NMR等方法对分子筛进行物化表征，考察TPAOH和TBPOH的协同作用，期望得到较高结晶度的含P的多级孔ZSM-5。结果表明：以正硅酸乙酯（TEOS）为硅源，在TBPOH和TPAOH物质的量比为1∶1时，合成的多级孔ZSM-5形貌较为规整，由ZSM-5小晶粒堆积而成并呈现出丰富的介孔结构，具有较大的比表面积和孔体积，平均孔径分布于4～10 nm和50～70 nm。相比常规ZSM-5分子筛，合成的多级孔ZSM-5分子筛表现出更强的弱酸性和更多的总酸量。在1，3，5-三异丙苯的裂解反应中，相同转化率下，微孔ZSM-5分子筛表现出较好的苯和二异丙苯的选择性，而多级孔ZSM-5表现出更加优异的丙烯和异丙苯的选择性。     

同时脱除吡虫啉和啶虫脒农残的虚拟模板表面分子印迹的制备和应用

以吡虫啉和啶虫脒的结构类似物烟酰胺作为虚拟模板分子、α-甲基丙烯酸(α-methyl acrylic acid,MAA)作为功能单体、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(ethyleneglycol dimethacrylate,EDGMA)作为交联剂,采用表面分子印迹技术(MIT)制备了虚拟模板表面分子印迹聚合物(dummy template surface molelecularly imprinted polymers,DMIP)。在单因素实验的基础上采用响应面优化法对DMIP的制备方法进行优化,利用扫描电子显微镜对优化后的DMIP形态结构进行表征,考察了DMIP对于吡虫啉和啶虫脒的吸附性能。结果表明,DMIP对吡虫啉和啶虫脒具有较高的吸附容量和选择性,对吡虫啉和啶虫脒的最大吸附量分别为41.73和21.95 mg/g。将DMIP作为柱填充材料从茶多酚中脱除吡虫啉和啶虫脒,去除率分别达到96.2%和95.6%。所得DMIP对茶多酚等天然植物提取物生产过程中吡虫啉和啶虫脒的去除具有良好的应用前景。     

汽车涂装废水处理技术的研究进展

汽车涂装中产生大量的工业废水，主要包括脱脂废水、磷化废水、电泳废水和喷漆废水等,其典型污染物为重金属离子、表面活性剂、油漆颗粒、磷酸盐等，是一类复杂及难处理的高浓度工业废水。依据废水中所含污染物的不同，对涂装各工序废水进行分质预处理可有效地去除磷酸盐、重金属离子、悬浮固体、油类物质等污染物，有利于减轻后续生物或高级处理单元的负荷，提高整个处理系统的效率。本文综述近年来汽车涂装废水处理方面的研究成果或实践，旨在总结预处理工艺及主体处理工艺的优点及存在的不足，希望为汽车涂装废水处理达标排放及循环回用提供一些借鉴。