Effects of Winding Attachment Positions on Output Characteristics of Flux‐Modulating Synchronous Machines

The flux‐modulating synchronous machine (FMSM) is a new type of multipole SM with nonoverlapping concentrated armature and field windings on the stator. This paper compares the output characteristics of two FMSMs through finite element analysis (FEA) and experiments. In both of the FMSMs, the attachment positions of the armature and field windings are swapped. To determine the reason for the discrepancies in their output characteristics, unsaturated inductances were calculated using a d‐‐q equivalent circuit. In addition, the calculated results of the inductances were confirmed through a visualization of the leakage fluxes using FEA. The results of the study show that the synchronous inductance can be reduced by attaching the armature winding to the air‐gap side of the stator teeth and that the reduction leads to an increase in output power.     

刚性转子动平衡测试原理与实现

阐述了刚性转子硬支承和软支承2种动平衡的测试原理,介绍了转子支承振动信号的获取方法,分析了互相关函数、FFT、数字滤波等几类用于转子不平衡量的幅值和相位信息提取的算法。     

Potential applications of luminescent molecular rotors in food science and engineering

Fluorescent molecular rotors (MRs) are compounds whose emission is modulated by segmental mobility; photoexcitation generates a locally excited (LE), planar state that can relax either by radiative decay (emission of a photon) or by formation of a twisted intramolecular charge transfer (TICT) state that can relax nonradiatively due to internal rotation. If the local environment around the probe allows for rapid internal rotation in the excited state, fast non-radiative decay can either effectively quench the fluorescence or generate a second, red-shifted emission band. Conversely, any environmental restriction to twisting in the excited state due to free volume, crowding or viscosity, slows rotational relaxation and promotes fluorescence emission from the LE state. The environmental sensitivity of MRs has been exploited extensively in biological applications to sense microviscosity in biofluids, the stability and physical state of biomembranes, and conformational changes in macromolecules. The application of MRs in food research, however, has been only marginally explored. In this review, we summarize the main characteristics of fluorescent MRs, their current applications in biological research and their current and potential applications as sensors of physical properties in food science and engineering.     

多转子离心抛雪机的机械结构设计

针对小区校园等小范围区域大型除雪机器无法进入作业等问题,设计了一种小型、智能化的多转子离心抛雪机,抛雪机包括集雪系统、抛雪系统、动力系统和智能控制系统四部分,抛雪机设有多组离心转子能够减少盲区、提高除雪效率;设有智能控制系统能够减少地面障碍物对铲雪浆的损耗、增加机械使用寿命,该抛雪机体积小巧,使用更加灵活,可满足家庭、公园等小范围区域的使用需求。     

磁流变阻尼器控制双跨转子轴系振动研究

针对大型旋转机械通过临界转速时振动过大问题,搭建双跨转子实验台,模拟试车过程。不改变转子轴系原有支撑形式,在两根轴上分别安装一台自主设计的磁流变阻尼器,实验研究阻尼器对轴系各跨转子振动影响规律。结果表明,阻尼器可有效抑制所在轴临界转速附近的振动,而对相邻轴无影响。据实验结果提出由开关控制双跨转子轴系通过两阶临界转速过程中的振动。结果表明,开关控制可在线抑制转子轴系通过临界转速时振动,避免轴系因振动过大被迫停机。     

航空发动机转子早期裂纹故障振动特征的维谱分析

针对航空发动机转子早期裂纹故障难以检测的特点首先,根据转子裂纹扩展机理,建立早期裂纹转子振动分析理论模型,提出利用112维谱对早期裂纹振动信号进行分析。然后,利用112维谱分析法对早期裂纹转子理论模型和早期裂纹转子故障实验数据进行了具体分析。理论模型和实验数据分析结果都表明:应用112维谱对实际发动机转子早期裂纹故障信号进行分析,不仅能够得到一般频谱分析法难以获得的故障特征频率,还能对混叠噪声信号进行降噪。因此,112维谱能够有效的诊断航空发动机转子裂纹故障,在航空发动机故障诊断中具有一定的应用价值。     

鼓风机振动过大的原因及其检测和消除方法

旋转机械,只要转子一开始转动,就不可避免地要产生振动,机械产生振动后,会造成一定的危害,它使机械工作性能降低或机械根本无法工作,它使某些零部件因受附加的动荷载而加速磨损、疲劳、甚至破裂而影响寿命或造成事故,振动还将产生噪声而危害人身体健康。但是,只要振动不过量,是安全允许的,当机械出现一些不正常的振动或振动量过大时,才必须采取措施予以排除,从而保证机械的安全运行。     

某型AUV对转电机子群协同多目标粒子群优化

某型自主水下航行器(AUV)需要一种高效、小质量的对转电机,同时要求电机在尾段密闭条件下可长时间航行。针对这一问题,从电机计算模型和多目标优化算法两方面,提出基于电磁一热耦合模型和子群协同的多目标粒子群帕累托最优(MOPSO)设计方法。该模型使用气隙磁场解析法进行电磁计算,使用等效热网络法计算电磁一热耦合情况下的电机温升。利用计算流体力学(CFD)方法计算旋转部件及航行器壳体的对流换热系数,以解决对流等效热阻计算不准确的问题。最后以效率和质量为优化目标,电机温升和几何条件及磁路磁密为约束条件,使用改进的MOPSO方法进行优化,并将优化结果与NSGA-Ⅱ算法优化结果进行比较,结果表明该方法能够获得更接近于真实帕累托前沿的解集,且解集分布性良好。制作样机后进行试验,功率、转速、效率、质量等指标均满足要求,且尾段密闭条件下5h负载温升符合要求。     

内压缩转子式油气混输泵输入功率的计算与分析

通过分析内压缩转子式油气混输泵工作原理及其内压缩过程,得出了转子泵输入功率P、附加输入功率Ps及其无内压缩过程泵输入功率Pt的理论计算公式,并且通过实例计算分析得出不同内压缩比λ(分别改变吸入压力p1和排出压力pd)和气液比τ对该新型内压缩转子式油气混输泵P、Ps/P及(Pt-P)/Pt的影响规律。当λ一定时,随着τ的增大,P减小,Ps/P和(Pt-P)/Pt增大;改变λ时,P与λ的关系较复杂,Ps/P始终随着λ的增大而减小,(Pt-P)/Pt随着λ的增大而增大,改变p1时,P变化地更快,而改变pd时,Ps/P变地更快,改变p1和pd对(Pt-P)/Pt的影响不大;当τ趋近于1.0时,即纯气工况条件下,P、Ps/P、(Pt-P)/Pt都会发生突变。     

Characterisation and quantification of defects in rotors and casings of steam turbines

The loading situation of components in modern fossil-fired power plants is characterised by higher cyclic service in comparison to older plants. This leads in combination with larger units to increased stresses in the relevant components. To evaluate the risk of failure due to natural defects, life time approaches have been developed on the basis of advanced methods of fracture mechanics. The assessment of natural defects using fracture mechanics is, however, based on the following preconditions: ? knowledge and data on the behaviour of such defects in terms of damage mechanism taking into account crack initiation and crack propagation under loading situations comparable to those in service,

? data on the real size and geometry of defects,

? data on the exact location of the defects.

To create such a database an extensive joint research programme was started in the early eighties by German turbine manufacturers, steel makers and research institutes. The paper provides an overview of the results of these efforts. Special emphasis is placed on describing the improvements in ultrasonic testing techniques. The results of feature tests are reported. They have been performed to obtain information and data on the behaviour of natural defects under creep, creep fatigue and fatigue load. Subsequent metallographic investigations determine the real size and location of the defects but also the relevant damage mechanisms. Comparison of metallographic data and NDT data prove the reliability of ultrasonic testing. Thus an improved rating of the permissible ultrasonic indications in turbines and castings was obtained.