快速近似计算Shapley值的归因解释方法

Shapley值归因解释方法虽然能更准确量化解释结果, 但过高的计算复杂度严重影响了该方法的实用性. 本文引入KD树重新整理待解释模型的预测数据, 通过在KD树上插入虚节点, 使之满足TreeSHAP算法的使用条件, 在此基础上提出了KDSHAP方法. 该方法解除了TreeSHAP算法仅能解释树结构模型的限制, 将该算法计算Shapley值的高效性放宽到对所有的黑盒模型的解释中, 同时保证了计算准确度. 通过实验对比分析, KDSHAP方法的可靠性, 以及在解释高维输入模型时的适用性.     

使能未来工厂的5G能力综述

5G系统将移动通信服务从移动电话、移动宽带和大规模机器通信扩展到新的应用领域，即所谓对通信服务有特殊要求的垂直领域。对使能未来工厂的5G能力进行了全面的分析总结，包括弹性网络架构、灵活频谱、超可靠低时延通信、时间敏感网络、安全和定位，而弹性网络架构又包括对网络切片、非公共网络、5G局域网和边缘计算的支持。希望从广度到深度，对相关的理论及技术应用做透彻、全面的梳理，对其挑战做清晰的总结，从而为相关研究和工程技术人员提供借鉴。     

基于双时间点检测的毫米波雷达人流量监测方法

针对现有基于视频监控的人流量统计方案成本高、算法复杂且不利于个人隐私保护的局限性，利用毫米波雷达体积小、成本低、分辨率高的特点，提出了一种基于双时间点检测的人流量监测方法。该方法先获取人体目标散射点位置和多普勒频移信息来构成点云数据，然后根据多普勒频移正负来判断人体的运动方向，并筛选具有高多普勒频移值的点云数据以降低干扰点对聚类结果的影响；在双时间点对特定区域内人员数量进行统计，并根据双时间点之间所获取的点云数据聚类结果对所统计人员数据进行修正。实验结果表明，该方法能够用匿名的方式以较高的正确率统计人员进出。     

Effect of microwave heating time on the gel properties of chicken myofibrillar proteins and their formation mechanism

The present work was conducted to illustrate the mechanism of gel formation of myofibrillar proteins (MPs) under different microwave heating times. The results showed that the denaturation enthalpy (ΔH) of the MPs significantly decreased when the heating time increased from 3 to 9 s and then completely disappeared as the heating time progressed, indicating that the MPs gradually denatured and subsequently aggregated with increasing heating time, which was further verified by the changes in the secondary structure, electrophoretic bands, and gel properties (e.g., water holding capacity and textural profiles) of the MPs. Microstructural images indicated that the MP gel formed under 12 s had the most compact network, indicating that extended microwave heating time could induce quality deterioration of MP gels. Moreover, the hydrophobic forces, electrostatic forces, and disulphide bonds of the MPs gradually intensified with increasing microwave heating time, suggesting that both non-covalent and covalent bonds could promote molecular denaturation and subsequent aggregation of MPs. In addition, correlation analysis revealed that the changes in the molecular conformation of MPs induced by different microwave heating times could effectively regulate the formation of MP gels and their related properties.     

超高效液相色谱⁃四极杆⁃飞行时间质谱对含PET食品接触材料中可迁移非挥发性物质的筛查研究

采用超高效液相色谱⁃四极杆⁃飞行时间高分辨质谱（UPLC⁃Q⁃TOF）对4类不同类型的含聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯（PET）材质的食品接触材料在4 %乙酸和50 %乙醇模拟物中的迁移出的非挥发性未知物进行筛查解析。结果表明，产品在4 %乙酸模拟物的迁移风险远小于50 %乙醇模拟物，主要迁移物质为聚合单体形成的寡聚物，抗氧剂、润滑剂、胶黏剂等加工助剂以及生产加工、迁移过程中形成的非有意添加物（NIAS）物质；纯PET材质的产品迁移物质较少，多层复合材料迁移物质较多。复合材质的产品中，PET材质可能在生产时添加了己二酸、癸二酸、新戊二醇等物质，进行了改性处理；此外，部分迁移物质会与模拟物中的乙醇发生反应，生成新的NIAS物质。     

Microstructural and mechanical properties assessment of transient liquid phase bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy

The transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding of CoCuFeMnNi high entropy alloy (HEA) was studied. The TLP bonding was performed using AWS BNi-2 interlayer at 1050 °C with the TLP bonding time of 20, 60, 180 and 240 min. The effect of bonding time on the joint microstructure was characterized by SEM and EDS. Microstructural results confirmed that complete isothermal solidification occurred approximately at 240 min of bonding time. For samples bonded at 20, 60 and 180 min, athermal solidification zone was formed in the bonding area which included Cr-rich boride and Mn₃Si intermetallic compound. For all samples, the γ solid solution was formed in the isothermal solidification zone of the bonding zone. To evaluate the effect of TLP bonding time on mechanical properties of joints, the shear strength and micro-hardness of joints were measured. The results indicated a decrement of micro-hardness in the bonding zone and an increment of micro-hardness in the adjacent zone of joints. The minimum and maximum values of shear strength were 100 and 180 MPa for joints with the bonding time of 20 and 240 min, respectively.     

Hydrodynamics study of a fast liquid–liquid oxidation process with in situ gas production in microreactors

Hydrodynamics characteristics of a fast and highly exothermic liquid–liquid oxidation process with in situ gas production in microreactors were studied using a newly developed experimental method. In the adipic acid synthesis through the K/A oil (the mixture of cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone) oxidation with nitric acid, bubble generation modes were divided into four categories. The gas production became more intensive, unstable, even explosive with increasing the oil phase feed rate and the temperature. A novel automatic image processing method was developed to monitor the instantaneous velocity online by tracking the gas–liquid interface. The axial velocity at the same location was unstable due to the changing gas production rate. Furthermore, the actual residence time was obtained easily with being only 36% of the space–time minimally, beneficial for establishing accurate kinetics and mass transfer models with time participation. Finally, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the actual residence time under different conditions.     

Development of Phospholipids Vesicular Nanocarrier for Topical Delivery of Tea Tree Oil in Management of Atopic Dermatitis Using BALB/c Mice Model

This work aims to develop and evaluate the efficacy of tea tree oil (TTO) ethosomal cream with improved deposition in skin layers for treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD). Ethosomes of TTO are developed using phosphatidylcholine (2% and 3% w/v) and ethanol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v). Ethosomes are evaluated for percent entrapment efficiency (%EE), vesicle size, zeta potential, and in vitro drug diffusion. Ethosomal creams with optimized ethosomal dispersion are developed and evaluated for physicochemical parameters, thermal stability, ex vivo permeation, skin retention, and in vitro cytotoxicity using HaCat skin cell lines in comparison to conventional creams of TTO. In vivo investigations of optimized creams are performed using BALB/c mice model. The %EE, vesicle size, and zeta potential for optimized ethosomes are found to be 76.19 ± 3.26%, 333.6 nm, and –35.3 mV, respectively. Ethosomal creams showed higher deposition in the epidermis and dermis. The optimized creams are non-cytotoxic to HaCat cell lines. The creams significantly reduce the inflammatory response by decreasing the clinical score and infiltration of white blood cells, eosinophils, and IgE antibodies. Overall efficacy of ethosomal cream is higher than conventional cream. In conclusion, optimized ethosomal cream of TTO shows good efficacy for treatment of AD. Practical applications : The method used for the formulation of ethosomes is simple and can be easily scaled up on the industrial level. The loading of TTO within ethosomes can increase the efficiency by enhanced drug deposition in the epidermis and might also improve its stability against oxidative degradation. Topical ethosomal cream of TTO can improve patient compliance by avoidance of adverse effects linked with corticosteroids and could be a possible complementary or alternative therapy in management of AD.     

Influence of precursor materials on the fresh state and thermo-chemo-mechanical properties of sodium-based geopolymers

Aluminosilicates are the base precursors that combined with alkali solutions manufacture geopolymers. A wide variability of aluminosilicate precursors can be found in the market worldwide, which may be an issue when proposing single designs. The goal of this study is to compare the use of different precursors in the hardening mechanisms of geopolymers. For this, two types of metakaolin (a low (MK_LR) and a high-reactive (MK_HR) one), and partial replacements made with fly-ash (FA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) are used in SiO₂/Al₂O₃ = 4.00, Na₂O/SiO₂ = 0.25, and H₂O/Na₂O = 11.00 fixed design ratios. Fresh state (viscosity and squeeze flow), transient state (Vicat needle and sonic strength), and hardening measurements (compression tests under room and high temperature conditions), were used, supported by chemical analysis (calorimetry and SAM/HCl extraction) and materials characterization (particle analysis, density, BET and XRD). In general, the reactivity, chemical composition, and morphology of each precursor, as well as solid/liquid portions of each mix were major factors influencing the hardening process. The use of MK_LR achieved shorter setting times and enhanced viscosities due to its particles larger surface area, solid/liquid ratios, and unreactive portions, reaching the highest values of strength and diminished thermomechanical performance. Partial substitutions made with FA and BFS increased the amorphous part of the binder, increasing also its flowability, setting time, and its stability to thermal exposure. The geopolymer made with MK_HR presented the lowest viscosity and longer setting time due to its almost constant dissolution rate, attributed to its enhanced reactivity from highly amorphous parts and diminished solid-to-liquid ratio mixture. Therefore, the use of varied aluminosilicates significantly modifies the materials properties, leading to different potential applications that should be considered when designing geopolymers.