Evidence of fluid evolution of Baoshan Cu−Pb−Zn polymetallic deposit: Constraints from in-situ sulfur isotope and trace element compositions of pyrite

In-situ LA-ICP-MS and S isotopes of pyrite from the Baoshan Cu polymetallic deposit were conducted to investigate the ore-forming process and the enrichment mechanism of elements. Three generations of pyrite (Py I, Py II, and Py III) in the skarn-type ores and pyrite in the carbonate-hosted sulfide ores from central, western, and northern (C_Py, W_Py, and N_Py) mining districts are selected for comparison. Compared with Py I and Py III, the contents of most elements in Py II are apparently higher. The As and Se contents are high within a wide range and are decoupled in the growth band of the C_Py. The highest As, Se, and Pb contents were found in W_Py and N_Py. These results indicate the drastic changes in the temperature and fluid mixing during the mineralization. The occurrence of fluctuation and change in temperature and f(O₂) was triggered by intermittent pulses of magmatic-hydrothermal fluids, mixing with meteoric water, and water−rock interactions. The sulfur isotopes of all species of pyrite indicated the magmatic source. The change in the f(O₂) conditions caused slight differences in the sulfur isotope compositions. Consequently, a metallogenic model was proposed to explain the ore-forming processes.     

中国传统白酒中微量成分的来源与作用

根据中国传统白酒微量成分研究取得的新成果,系统地总结了微量成分来源及其作用。主要来源有3条途径:发酵过程中微生物和酶的催化反应、贮存过程中的化学变化和生产原料特殊成分的化学反应,主要起到了呈香呈味、成格成型和生理功能三方面的作用。生产原料对中国传统白酒微量成分的影响、高产白酒主体风味成分的基因菌构建与应用和白酒功能因子的深入研究等方向是未来研究的重点。     

唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌椰毒致病型菌株Co14毒力相关基因解析

目的了解1株引起致死性食物中毒事件的唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌椰毒致病型菌株Co14的全基因组序列特征,对其基因组中米酵菌酸(BA)和毒黄素(TF)的生物合成相关基因进行了预测和分析。方法通过第三代高通量测序技术(PacBio)对Co14进行全基因组测序,使用BLAST软件预测BA和TF的生物合成相关基因。结果 Co14基因组中含有2个闭合的环状染色体,大小分别为4.1和4.0 Mb,鸟嘌呤和胞嘧啶所占比例(GC含量)分别为67.82%和68.32%。Co14基因组中还携带有一个146 kb的闭合环状质粒,GC含量为63.25%,编码149个基因。通过同源序列比对,在Co14染色体1上发现了BA和TF的生物合成相关基因簇bonR1R2LJKFGABDEHIM和toxRABCDE。结论 Co14全基因组数据为研究唐菖蒲伯克霍尔德菌食物中毒菌株的致病性和毒力因子产生机制奠定了遗传学基础。     

检测仪器及消解方式对罗布麻微量元素检测效果的影响

目的 探索罗布麻微量元素适宜的检测条件。方法 以新疆产罗布麻和白麻叶及其制品罗布麻茶为实验材料, 比较了电感耦合等离子体质谱法(inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry, ICP-AES)2种仪器对其Li、B、Cr、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、Se和Sr 9种微量元素的检测效果, 同时对比了3种不同的湿法消解方式对检测结果的影响。结果 采用不同酸解液的3种湿法消解方法, 硝酸/过氧化氢消解液处理条件较温和, 元素损失量较少, 检测结果稍高于浓硝酸/高氯酸消解液处理的结果, 但所耗消解时间更长。对于易挥发元素Se, 选用酸性和氧化性较弱的硝酸/过氧化氢消解液更适宜。在本试验条件下, 罗布麻体内的Li和Cr 2种微量元素不宜采用ICP-AES仪器检测, 可选用ICP-MS, 而对于难电离元素Se则正好相反。结论 检测罗布麻微量元素含量时, 应根据待检测元素类型特征, 选择适宜的检测仪器。     

氧活化、示踪相关测井在低压井找漏找窜中的应用

低压注水会造成油田注水系统紊乱,影响油田产量,而油套管窜漏是造成水井低压的主要原因。首先制定了低压井找窜漏的测试方案,方案主要运用了脉冲中子氧活化和示踪相关测井结合的方法,同时辅以同位素五参数、PI90、分层压力等测试工艺。按照制定的施工方案,氧活化测井负责查清管内水流情况,示踪相关测井开展管外水流查找,辅以其它测试方法进行验证、调查,开展了窜漏的查找,三口井取得了较好的效果,准确查找到了窜漏点。应用脉冲中子氧活化进行找漏测试时,在施工过程中随时调整水井的正反注状态,更便于漏点的查找,同时尝试开拓了示踪相关测井寻找管外窜流这一新领域。     

基于GRU神经网络的测井曲线重构

通过测井曲线解释可以获得地层岩性、电性以及孔渗饱等地层参数，然而，实际应用中时常出现部分测井数据失真或缺失的情况，而重新测井不仅价格昂贵且实现较困难。目前基于传统的线性假设和统计分析的测井曲线重构方法已不能满足储层特征的精细描述要求。门控循环单元（GRU）神经网络是一种适合于解决非线性和时序性问题的新型深度学习算法。基于深度学习的最新成果，提出使用GRU神经网络进行测井曲线重构。该方法兼顾了测井数据之间的非线性映射关系、数据随储层深度变化的趋势及历史数据之间的关联性。对实际资料进行试算，并与多元回归方法结果对比，表明GRU网络模型取得了良好的重构效果，为测井曲线重构提供了一种新的思路。     

精炼对菜籽油品质的影响

菜籽油在精炼过程中,其理化指标和微量成分会发生变化,而这些变化对菜籽油的品质具有决定性的影响。取同一批次各精炼工序中的4种菜籽油(毛油、中和油、脱色油、脱臭油),对其进行分析测定,研究精炼对油脂品质的影响。结果表明:精炼后的菜籽油酸值、过氧化值、色泽、含磷量均下降;V_E、甾醇、多酚、角鲨烯含量显著降低,损失率分别为27.82%、25.34%、91.21%、79.69%;反式脂肪酸和3-氯丙醇含量变化不大。     

3D Microstructures of Liquid Crystal Networks with Programmed Voxelated Director Fields

The shape-shifting behavior of liquid crystal networks (LCNs) and elastomers (LCEs) is a result of an interplay between their initial geometrical shape and their molecular alignment. For years, reliance on either one-step in situ or two-step film processing techniques has limited the shape-change transformations from 2D to 3D geometries. The combination of various fabrication techniques, alignment methods, and chemical formulations developed in recent years has introduced new opportunities to achieve 3D-to-3D shape-transformations in large scales, albeit the precise control of local molecular alignment in microscale 3D constructs remains a challenge. Here, the voxel-by-voxel encoding of nematic alignment in 3D microstructures of LCNs produced by two-photon polymerization using high-resolution topographical features is demonstrated. 3D LCN microstructures (suspended films, coils, and rings) with designable 2D and 3D director fields with a resolution of 5 µm are achieved. Different shape transformations of LCN microstructures with the same geometry but dissimilar molecular alignments upon actuation are elicited. This strategy offers higher freedom in the shape-change programming of 3D LCN microstructures and expands their applicability in emerging technologies, such as small-scale soft robots and devices and responsive surfaces.     

高效液相色谱-三重四极杆-离子阱串联质谱法在食品分析中的应用

三重四极杆-离子阱串联质谱(quadruple/linear ion trap mass spectrometry, Q-Trap MS)不仅具有一般三重四极杆质谱的特征离子提取功能,而且具有线性离子阱的离子捕获、富集等功能,可以大大提高复杂基质中的检测选择性和灵敏度; Q-Trap MS技术独特的多反应监测-信息依赖性采集-增强子离子扫描模式可以同时获得多反应监测数据以及感兴趣的二级全扫描质谱图,通过自建谱库比对可进行未知物的筛查确证及化合物结构分析。因此Q-Trap MS技术在食品科学领域发挥着越来越重要的作用。本文主要对高效液相色谱-三重四极杆-离子阱串联质谱法在食品痕量分析、高通量快速筛查、化合物确证、降低基质效应及化合物结构分析方面的应用进行了概述,以期为Q-Trap MS技术在食品中的进一步发展应用提供参考。