稳产国Ⅵ柴油并兼产喷气燃料技术方案的工业应用

介绍了浙江石油化工有限公司新建的3 Mt/a柴油加氢精制装置，其配套使用中国石化石油化工科学研究院有限公司开发的催化剂级配技术，并实施了可根据原料供应及市场产品需求情况灵活调整切换的2种生产技术方案。1 a的安稳生产运行结果表明:该装置以直馏柴油为主原料，通过分馏塔的馏分切割及其侧线抽出，实现了稳产国Ⅵ柴油并兼产喷气燃料技术方案的工业化应用；在实施以兼产喷气燃料为主的生产技术方案时，通过调整常一线柴油的掺炼量，不仅可以生产含硫量小于10.0 μg/g的精制柴油产品，同时兼产所得到的喷气燃料产品含硫量小于0.5 μg/g，赛波特颜色号值大于30；在实施主产精制柴油组分方案时，通过掺炼质量分数为20%~40%的催化柴油，并使所提炼得到的精制柴油组分含硫量小于6.0 μg/g的前提下，这些精制柴油组分产品既可直接作为满足国Ⅵ柴油产品出厂待售，也可作为柴油调和组分储存待用于产品的进一步优化。     

High ultraviolet transparent conducting electrodes formed using tantalum oxide/Ag multilayer

We investigated the optical and electrical properties of Ta₂O₅/Ag/Ta₂O₅ films as functions of the thicknesses of the Ta₂O₅ and Ag layers. It was found that with an increase in the thicknesses of the Ta₂O₅ and Ag layers from 10 to 40 nm and from 12 to 24 nm, respectively, the sheet resistance, carrier concentration, electron mobility, and resistivity of the Ta₂O₅/Ag/Ta₂O₅ film varied from 2.02 to 8.95 Ω/sq, 5.74 × 10²¹ to 2.92 × 10²² cm^–3, from 13.21 to 24.07 cm²/V·s, and from 8.89 × 10^-6 to 8.24 × 10^-5 Ω cm, respectively. The average transmittance (T_av) of the multilayer samples ranged from 57.18% to 93.99%, and it depended on the Ta₂O₅ and Ag layer thicknesses. The highest T_av of 93.99% was observed for the film with 35 nm thick Ta₂O₅ and 18 nm thick Ag layers, and the peak Haacke's figure of merit (157.04 × 10^–3 Ω^–1) was obtained for 20 nm thick Ta₂O₅ and 21 nm thick Ag layers. Ta₂O₅ (100 nm) and Ta₂O₅/Ag/Ta₂O₅ (20 nm/21 nm/20 nm) samples had optical bandgaps of 4.70 and 4.45 eV, respectively. Film Wizard simulations were conducted to understand the dependence of the transmittance of the multilayer on the thicknesses of the Ta₂O₅ and Ag layers, and phasor analyses were performed to determine how the transmittance of the Ta₂O₅/Ag/Ta₂O₅ (20 nm/21 nm/20 nm) film depended on the Ta₂O₅ layer's thickness.     

基于拓扑单向波导的电磁诱导透明效应研究

为了研究电磁诱导透明效应在拓扑单向波导中的表现，设计了一种基于磁性光子晶体的耦合谐振腔波导。通过对谐振腔位置的调控实现了具有单向性质的电磁诱导透明效应，并利用有限时域差分仿真证明了电磁诱导透明效应在单向拓扑波导中的相关特性。该研究可为拓扑波导中实现光延迟、光开关等提供参考。     

配煤掺烧最小煤质偏差模型及煤场存放优化

定义了混煤和锅炉目标煤的煤质偏差,给出以煤质偏差作为目标函数的掺配优化模型,通过调整某个成分的期望误差,可单独调节该成分与目标煤的接近程度;通过对模型约束条件设定,可限制低灰熔点煤的掺配份额,控制炉膛结焦,或提高采购量大的单煤的掺配比例。基于最小煤质偏差模型,针对某670 MW超临界压力直流锅炉进行掺配优化模拟,提出煤场存放的优化概念和方法。结果表明:该模型能够从复杂的单煤煤源中找到最接近目标煤质的掺配方案,优化后入炉煤质稳定,且接近目标煤质。     

利用调度优化模型研究原油调合方案的可行性

针对某沿海炼油企业拟投用原油调合系统以稳定混炼原油的性质,设计方案要求将部分码头罐的操作模式由混储改为单储的情况,采用约束规划与数学规划复合建模,实现了码头至厂区大容积长输线模拟,建立了该企业的原油调度优化模型并研究了设计方案的可行性。针对240h调度周期、10种可加工原油、3艘到港油轮的复杂工况进行了优化计算。结果表明:该设计方案具备可行性,且油轮仍可实现到港即卸油,蒸馏装置混炼油种也可长时间保持稳定;模型的优化计算时间较短(小于15min),且对长输线收付及存油情况模拟准确,复合建模方法满足工业应用要求。     

石墨烯改性涤纶/蓄热调温纤维/长绒棉混纺纱的制备与性能分析

文章采用石墨烯改性涤纶、蓄热调温纤维、长绒棉设计开发了混纺比为50/30/20、30/50/20、20/70/10的3种复合功能纱线,并对纱线的强力、拉伸性能、条干均匀度以及热学性能和抗菌性能进行测试分析。结果表明:蓄热调温纤维的静电现象会影响混纺纱的条干均匀度,并且其含量的增加会使混纺纱线的断裂强力降低;石墨烯改性涤纶所占质量分数的增加会造成混纺纱的韧性下降,同时混纺纱的热学性能和抗菌性能也会受到纤维不同混纺比的影响。     

腔磁力系统中的诱导透明和快慢光传播

为了在腔磁力系统中实现可控的磁子诱导透明、磁力诱导透明以及快慢光传播,建立了一个混合腔磁力系统.该系统由一个含有YIG球的微波腔和在z方向对球施加一个均匀的偏置磁场组成,并用强泵浦场驱动磁子和弱探测场驱动微波腔.研究表明,通过调节腔与磁子之间的相互作用强度和微波腔与磁子的耗散比,可以增加磁子诱导透明(MIT)、磁力诱导透明(MMIT)的效果和提高快慢光传播的速度.该研究结果可为磁力诱导放大、量子光学操纵和量子信息存储以及灵敏光开关的研究提供参考.     

Distributed ledger technology in supply chains: a transaction cost perspective

With the emergence of distributed ledger technology (DLT), numerous practitioners and researchers have proclaimed its beneficial impact on supply chain transactions in the future. However, the vast majority of DLT initiatives are discontinued after a short period. With the full potential of DLT laying far down the road, especially managers in supply chain management (SCM) seek for short-term cost-saving effects of DLT in order to achieve long-term benefits of DLT in the future. However, the extant research has bypassed grounding long-term as well as short-term effects of DLT on supply chain transaction with empirical data. We address this shortcoming, following an abductive research approach and combining empirical data from a multiple case study design with the corresponding literature. Our study reveals that the effects of DLT on supply chain transactions are two-sided. We found six effects of DLT solutions that have a cost-reducing or cost avoidance impact on supply chain transactions. In addition, we found two effects that change the power distribution between buyers and suppliers in transactions and a single effect that reduces the dependency of supply chain transactions on third parties. While cost-reducing and avoidance as well as dependency-reducing effects are positive effects, the change in power distribution might come with disadvantages. With these findings, the paper provides the first empirical evidence of the impact of DLT on supply chain transactions, which will enable managers to improve their assessment of DLT usage in supply chains.     

Synergistic effect for co-coking of sawdust and coal blending based on the chemical structure transformation

Biomass was used as additives in coal blending for making coke in terms of widening the alternative raw materials and reducing CO₂ emissions. To obtain the influences of biomass incorporation on the semicoke formation, the chemical structure transformation as well as the gas evolution during sawdust (SD)/coal blending (BC) co-coking were investigated using in-situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy coupled with mass spectrometry (In-situ FTIR-MS). Meanwhile, the role of biomass in the semicoke formation was also characterized by several analytical techniques. The transformation of the five main functional groups between SD and BC exhibited the largest difference, and the synergistic effect based on the chemical structure transformation was also proposed for the SD/BC blends co-coking. The synergistic effect based on the chemical structure transformation was divided into two stages during semicoke formation. One stage occurred at 100–280 °C that was assigned to the physical effect that inhibited the BC decomposition. Another stage happened at 280–500 °C that was mainly attributed to the hydrogen transfer that enhanced the aromatization of semi-coke. In addition, it was also noted that the thermoplastic properties decreased proportionately to the quantity of the SD, and the non-agglomeration between BC and SD was clearly observed by SEM.     

Effect of the composition and degree of crosslinking on the properties of poly(l‐lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane blends

Poly(l ‐lactic acid)/crosslinked polyurethane (PLLA/CPU) blends which were prepared via reactive blending of PLLA with poly(?‐caprolactone) (PCL), glycerol and 4,4′‐methylenediphenyl diisocyanate showed excellent toughness. The effects of the composition of the mixture and degree of crosslinking of CPU on the toughness of the PLLA/CPU blends (80/20 w/w) were studied in detail. Dynamic mechanical analysis and rheological measurements were used to characterize the structure of the in situ formed CPU in the PLLA matrix. A novel netlike phase structure was observed when the average molecular weight of PCL and degree of crosslinking were 1 kDa and 10%, respectively. The impact strength of the blend was enhanced from 2.2 kJ m^?2 for pure PLLA to 62.4 kJ m^?2; meanwhile, the elongation at break was increased to 489.8%. Therefore, the mechanical properties of PLLA/CPU blends can be easily tailored by tuning the composition of the mixture and the degree of crosslinking of CPU. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry