核电厂通用老化经验报告分析与编制建议

美国核管会编制发布的通用老化经验报告是美国核电厂运行执照更新的基石文件,对指导核电厂设计、运行和延寿,包括水化学管理、在役检查等老化管理工作具有重要意义。同时国际原子能机构也组织各成员国共同开发国际通用老化经验报告,而国内尚未编制中国核电厂通用老化经验报告。本文从报告适用性、老化经验积累与反馈、老化管理和科研水平提升等方面出发,分析了编制和应用中国核电厂通用老化经验报告的必要性,并对报告的编制和应用给出了相关建议。     

基于Word2Vec模型特征扩展的Web搜索结果聚类性能的改进

对于用户泛化和模糊的查询，将Web搜索引擎返回的列表内容聚类处理，便于用户有效查找感兴趣的内容。由于返回的列表由称为片段（snippet）的短文本组成，而传统的单词频率-逆文档频率（TF-IDF）特征选择模型不能适用于稀疏的短文本，使得聚类性能下降。一个有效的方法就是通过一个外部的知识库对短文本进行扩展。受到基于神经网络词表示方法的启发，提出了通过词嵌入技术的Word2Vec模型对短文本扩展，即采用Word2Vec模型的TopN个最相似的单词用于对片段（snippet）的扩展，扩展文档使得TF-IDF模型特征选择得到聚类性能的提高。同时考虑到通用性单词造成的噪声引入，对扩展文档的TF-IDF矩阵进行了词频权重修正。实验在两个公开数据集ODP239和SearchSnippets上完成，将所提方法和纯snippet无扩展的方法、基于Wordnet的特征扩展方法和基于Wikipedia的特征扩展方法进行了对比。实验结果表明，所提方法在聚类性能方面优于对比方法。     

Information Security Policy Compliance: Leadership and Trust

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of trust variables (trust: competence, trust: benevolence, trust: integrity) on leadership regarding the organization’s information security policy (ISP) compliance. An instrument with four constructs was used to collect data from 474 non-management subjects from various organizations in the USA. Collected data were analyzed through multiple regression procedure. Results revealed that all trust variables (trust: competence, trust: benevolence, trust: integrity) were influential in predicting the leadership regarding the organization’s ISP compliance. The findings are discussed and implications for practice are outlined. Conclusion, limitations, and recommendations for future research are drawn.     

Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Extracellular Vesicles by Proximity Extension Assay: A Comparative Study of Four Isolation Kits

There is a lack of reliable biomarkers for disorders of the central nervous system (CNS), and diagnostics still heavily rely on symptoms that are both subjective and difficult to quantify. The cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is a promising source of biomarkers due to its close connection to the CNS. Extracellular vesicles are actively secreted by cells, and proteomic analysis of CSF extracellular vesicles (EVs) and their molecular composition likely reflects changes in the CNS to a higher extent compared with total CSF, especially in the case of neuroinflammation, which could increase blood–brain barrier permeability and cause an influx of plasma proteins into the CSF. We used proximity extension assay for proteomic analysis due to its high sensitivity. We believe that this methodology could be useful for de novo biomarker discovery for several CNS diseases. We compared four commercially available kits for EV isolation: MagCapture and ExoIntact (based on magnetic beads), EVSecond L70 (size-exclusion chromatography), and exoEasy (membrane affinity). The isolated EVs were characterized by nanoparticle tracking analysis, ELISA (CD63, CD81 and albumin), and proximity extension assay (PEA) using two different panels, each consisting of 92 markers. The exoEasy samples did not pass the built-in quality controls and were excluded from downstream analysis. The number of detectable proteins in the ExoIntact samples was considerably higher (~150% for the cardiovascular III panel and ~320% for the cell regulation panel) compared with other groups. ExoIntact also showed the highest intersample correlation with an average Pearson’s correlation coefficient of 0.991 compared with 0.985 and 0.927 for MagCapture and EVSecond, respectively. The median coefficient of variation was 5%, 8%, and 22% for ExoIntact, MagCapture, and EVSecond, respectively. Comparing total CSF and ExoIntact samples revealed 70 differentially expressed proteins in the cardiovascular III panel and 17 in the cell regulation panel. To our knowledge, this is the first time that CSF EVs were analyzed by PEA. In conclusion, analysis of CSF EVs by PEA is feasible, and different isolation kits give distinct results, with ExoIntact showing the highest number of identified proteins with the lowest variability.     

亚磷酸酯功能化聚硅氧烷扩链聚乳酸的阻燃性能研究

将聚氨基环氧基硅氧烷（PSQ）以及亚磷酸酯功能化的聚氨基环氧基硅氧烷（PPSQ）与聚乳酸（PLA）通过熔融共混制备了扩链PLA。研究了亚磷酸酯基团的引入对PSQ在PLA中的扩链和阻燃性能的影响，探究PPSQ在PLA中的阻燃机理。结果表明，相比于PSQ，PPSQ可以明显提高PLA的分子量和复合黏度，具有更好的扩链作用；PPSQ的引入可以明显改善PLA的阻燃性能，使得PLA?PPSQ的极限氧指数提高至25.4 %，比纯PLA提升了31.6 %，且使得PLA的热释放速率峰值和总热释放量分别下降了18.1 %和16.6 %。分析可知，由于亚磷酸酯基团的引入，促使PLA?PPSQ中的硅元素在燃烧过程中向炭层表面迁移形成更多富含碳化硅和氧化硅的致密炭层，起到隔热隔氧的作用，进而发挥优异的阻燃性能。     

煤矿井下小断层延伸长度定量化预测研究

以山西A矿开采的3号煤层采掘活动已揭露的小断层资料为基础,选取断层落差、倾角、延伸长度3个参数,通过多线性回归方法构建NW、NE 2个方向的断层延伸长度预本构模型,并进行现场应用。结果表明,构建的小断层预测模型预测的小断层延伸长度的准确率在90%以上,可以为后续揭露小断层延伸长度的确定提供可靠的参数指导。     

Functions of ULK1 in autophagy and non-autophagy pathways and its implications in human physiology and disease

ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1), a mammalian serine/threonine kinase, is a key component of autophagy initiation complex and helps to induce all types of autophagy. Canonical autophagy is a process in which, through the interactions of a series of autophagy-related proteins, damaged organelles or misfolded proteins are engulfed by autophagosomes and then merged with lysosomes to be degraded. Thus, canonical autophagy is an important constituent part of the cellular “quality control.” Besides, accumulating evidence indicates that ULK1 exerts autophagy-independent effects in a cell-specific manner. For example, ULK1 facilitates neurite elongation through the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)–Golgi trafficking in neurons, stimulates phosphopentose pathway to help NADPH (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate hydrogen) production, and acts as a duplex regulator in type I IFN (type I interferon) induced innate immune response. Considering the importance and diversity of ULK1 in various biological processes, this review aims to present a comprehensive overview of autophagy and non-autophagy related functions of ULK1 in a variety of human physiological, pathological, and disease processes.     

基于文本与语义相关性分析的图像检索

为了更加有效地检索到符合用户复杂语义需求的图像，提出一种基于文本描述与语义相关性分析的图像检索算法。该方法将图像检索分为两步：基于文本语义相关性分析的图像检索和基于SIFT特征的相似图像扩展检索。根据自然语言处理技术分析得到用户文本需求中的关键词及其语义关联，在选定图像库中通过语义相关性分析得到“种子”图像；接下来在图像扩展检索中，采用基于SIFT特征的相似图像检索，利用之前得到的“种子”图像作为查询条件，在网络图像库中进行扩展检索，并在结果集上根据两次检索的图像相似度进行排序输出，最终得到更加丰富有效的图像检索结果。为了证明算法的有效性，在标准数据集Corel5K和网络数据集Deriantart8K上完成了多组实验，实验结果证明该方法能够得到较为精确地符合用户语义要求的图像检索结果，并且通过扩展算法可以得到更加丰富的检索结果。     

融合信任和基于概率矩阵分解的推荐算法

针对推荐精度不准确、数据稀疏、恶意推荐的问题，提出融合信任基于概率矩阵分解（PMF）的新推荐模型。首先，通过建立基于信任的协同过滤模型（CFMTS）将改进的信任机制融入到协同过滤推荐算法中。信任值通过全局信任及局部信任计算获得，其中局部信任利用了信任传播机制计算用户的直接信任值和间接信任值得到，全局信任采用信任有向图的方式计算得到。然后，将信任值与评分相似度融合以解决数据稀疏、恶意推荐的问题。同时，将CFMTS融入到PMF模型中以建立新的推荐模型——融合信任基于概率矩阵分解模型（MPMFFT），通过梯度下降算法对用户特征向量和项目特征向量进行计算以产生预测评分值，进一步提高推荐系统的精准度。通过实验将提出的MPMFFT与经典的PMF、社交信息的矩阵分解（SocialMF）、社交信息的推荐（SoRec）、加权社交信息的推荐（RSTE）等模型进行了结果的对比和分析，在公开的真实数据集Epinions上MPMFFT的平均绝对误差（MAE）和均方根误差（RMSE）比最优的RSTE模型分别降低2.9%和1.5%，同时在公开的真实数据集Ciao上MPMFFT的MAE和RMSE比最优的SocialMF模型分别降低1.1%和1.8%，结果证实了模型能在一定程度上解决数据稀疏、恶意推荐问题，有效提高推荐质量。     

歧口凹陷断裂密集带形成演化特征及油气富集差异研究

断裂密集带作为斜向伸展作用的标志性产物,是断块油气藏形成与聚集的主要场所。针对歧口凹陷不同走向断裂密集带油气富集差异较大的问题,通过统计密集带几何学特征及构造组合样式,结合断裂带形成演化规律,分析不同走向断裂带油气富集差异。结果表明:歧口凹陷主要发育NEE、EW向及NNE向3种断裂带。其中,NNE向断裂带形成时期最早,断裂的垂向输导能力最弱,油气在深部富集;NEE向断裂带随后形成,断裂对盖层的破坏作用最强,油气在深、浅层均有分布;EW向断裂带形成时期最晚,断裂的垂向输导能力介于前两者之间。研究成果可为歧口凹陷及相似的多期裂陷盆地断裂密集带的油气勘探工作提供理论支撑。